,NUR 5461 Advanced Pathophysiology – Modules 1-7 &
Final Exam | Complete Question Bank (650+ Questions)
with Rationales
Table of Contents
Module 1 Quiz
Module 2 Quiz
Module 3 Quiz
Module 4 Quiz
Module 5 Quiz
Module 6 Quiz
Module 7 Quiz
FINAL EXAM
,NUR 5461 Advanced Pathophysiology – Modules 1
MODULE 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY, ADAPTATION, INJURY & GENETICS
CELLULAR BIOLOGY BASICS (Questions 1–25)
Q1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
A) Cells can produce proteins.
B) Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
C) Cells can take in and use nutrients.
D) Cells can synthesize fats.
Correct Answer: C. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Rationale: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
their surroundings. The remaining options describe other specific cellular functions but are not
inclusive of cellular metabolic absorption .
Q2. Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
C) Nucleolus
D) Lysosome
Correct Answer: C. Nucleolus
Rationale: The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
regulate its activity .
Q3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A) Lysosomes
B) Peroxisomes
, C) Ribosomes
D) Oxyhydrosomes
Correct Answer: B. Peroxisomes
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from
specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H₂O₂, which is a powerful oxidant and
potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes .
Q4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi complex
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosomes
Correct Answer: D. Lysosomes
Rationale: The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm. Disruption of the membrane by cellular injury
leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, causing cellular self-digestion .
Q5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas
cells from the initial transcription to release from the cell?
A) The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
B) The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome for
synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.
C) The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
D) The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the Golgi complex
for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
Final Exam | Complete Question Bank (650+ Questions)
with Rationales
Table of Contents
Module 1 Quiz
Module 2 Quiz
Module 3 Quiz
Module 4 Quiz
Module 5 Quiz
Module 6 Quiz
Module 7 Quiz
FINAL EXAM
,NUR 5461 Advanced Pathophysiology – Modules 1
MODULE 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY, ADAPTATION, INJURY & GENETICS
CELLULAR BIOLOGY BASICS (Questions 1–25)
Q1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
A) Cells can produce proteins.
B) Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
C) Cells can take in and use nutrients.
D) Cells can synthesize fats.
Correct Answer: C. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Rationale: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
their surroundings. The remaining options describe other specific cellular functions but are not
inclusive of cellular metabolic absorption .
Q2. Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
C) Nucleolus
D) Lysosome
Correct Answer: C. Nucleolus
Rationale: The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
regulate its activity .
Q3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A) Lysosomes
B) Peroxisomes
, C) Ribosomes
D) Oxyhydrosomes
Correct Answer: B. Peroxisomes
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from
specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H₂O₂, which is a powerful oxidant and
potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes .
Q4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi complex
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosomes
Correct Answer: D. Lysosomes
Rationale: The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm. Disruption of the membrane by cellular injury
leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, causing cellular self-digestion .
Q5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas
cells from the initial transcription to release from the cell?
A) The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
B) The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome for
synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.
C) The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
D) The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the Golgi complex
for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
