WGU C175/D426 DATA MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM NEWEST 2026
ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (100% CORRECT
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS)|ALREADY GRADED
A+
What does Modality refers to? How does it appear on ER
diagram? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Refers to the MINIMUM
number of times an instance in one entity can be
associated with instance of another entity (minima).
Appears as a 0 or 1 on the relationship line, next to
cardinality.
Define: Referential Integrity - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Requires
that ALL foreign key values must either be fully NULL or
match some primary key value.
,4 Ways Referential Integrity can be violated - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-1. Primary key is updated 2. Foreign key is updated 3.
Row containing primary key is DELETED 4. Row containing
foreign key is INSERTED.
Actions to Correct Referential Integrity Violation -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-1. RESTRICT - rejects an insert, update, or
delete 2. SET NULL - sets invalid foreign keys to null 3. SET
DEFAULT - sets invalid foreign keys to a default primary
value 4. CASCADE - propagates primary key changes to
foreign keys.
What is an Important aspect of Referential Integrity -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Reference to data in one relation is
based on values in another relation.
What is Broad definition of data - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Raw
facts captured on printed or digital media.
What Data - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Facts that are collected and
stored in a database system.
,Determining characteristic of unstructured data -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-It does not follow a data model.
Flat files - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-They contain no internal
hierarchical organization.
Data retrieval before database management systems -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Sequentially from simple files.
Primary Key - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-An attribute or group of
attributes that uniquely identify a tuple in a relation.
Foreign Key matching - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-A domain of
values is necessary for a primary key in one relation of a
database to match with its corresponding foreign key in
another relation of the same database.
Alternate Key - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-What uniquely identifies
each entity in a collection of entities but is not the primary
key.
, Candidate Key - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-A set of columns in a
table that can uniquely identify any record in that table
without referring to other data.
Database indexing - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-The original data is
copied to the index.
Indexes in physical database design - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-To
retrieve data DIRECTLY using a pointer.
Index creation on a database column - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
To optimize data retrievals.
Functional Dependency - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Each value of a
column relates to at MOST one value of another column.
Rules/Appearance of First Normal Form - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-- All non-key columns depend on primary key - Each
table cell contains one value - A table with no duplicate
rows.
FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM NEWEST 2026
ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (100% CORRECT
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS)|ALREADY GRADED
A+
What does Modality refers to? How does it appear on ER
diagram? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Refers to the MINIMUM
number of times an instance in one entity can be
associated with instance of another entity (minima).
Appears as a 0 or 1 on the relationship line, next to
cardinality.
Define: Referential Integrity - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Requires
that ALL foreign key values must either be fully NULL or
match some primary key value.
,4 Ways Referential Integrity can be violated - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-1. Primary key is updated 2. Foreign key is updated 3.
Row containing primary key is DELETED 4. Row containing
foreign key is INSERTED.
Actions to Correct Referential Integrity Violation -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-1. RESTRICT - rejects an insert, update, or
delete 2. SET NULL - sets invalid foreign keys to null 3. SET
DEFAULT - sets invalid foreign keys to a default primary
value 4. CASCADE - propagates primary key changes to
foreign keys.
What is an Important aspect of Referential Integrity -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Reference to data in one relation is
based on values in another relation.
What is Broad definition of data - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Raw
facts captured on printed or digital media.
What Data - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Facts that are collected and
stored in a database system.
,Determining characteristic of unstructured data -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-It does not follow a data model.
Flat files - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-They contain no internal
hierarchical organization.
Data retrieval before database management systems -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Sequentially from simple files.
Primary Key - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-An attribute or group of
attributes that uniquely identify a tuple in a relation.
Foreign Key matching - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-A domain of
values is necessary for a primary key in one relation of a
database to match with its corresponding foreign key in
another relation of the same database.
Alternate Key - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-What uniquely identifies
each entity in a collection of entities but is not the primary
key.
, Candidate Key - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-A set of columns in a
table that can uniquely identify any record in that table
without referring to other data.
Database indexing - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-The original data is
copied to the index.
Indexes in physical database design - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-To
retrieve data DIRECTLY using a pointer.
Index creation on a database column - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
To optimize data retrievals.
Functional Dependency - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Each value of a
column relates to at MOST one value of another column.
Rules/Appearance of First Normal Form - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-- All non-key columns depend on primary key - Each
table cell contains one value - A table with no duplicate
rows.
