Nursing Pathophysiology Midterm 2 Exam Prep 2026/2027
| Questions & Correct Answers | Graded A+
1. What is the name of the autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination
in the central nervous system?
Multiple sclerosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lupus erythematosus
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
2. Describe how vertigo differs from general dizziness in terms of patient
experience.
Vertigo is a type of nausea, while dizziness is a type of headache.
Vertigo is characterized by a false sensation of movement, often
described as spinning, while general dizziness may not involve this
sensation.
Vertigo is always caused by inner ear issues, while dizziness can have
multiple causes.
Dizziness is a more severe form of vertigo.
3. The nurse is reviewing a client's history which reveals that the client has had
an oversecretion of growth hormone (GH) that occurred before puberty. The
nurse interprets this as resulting in which condition?
Acromegaly
Gigantism
Simmonds disease
Dwarfism
,4. The nurse monitors for which complication in the patient with
hyperparathyroidism?
Laryngospasm
Renal stones
Hypertension
Seizures
5. A severe focal injury to the temporal region of the skull can rupture the
middle meningeal artery, resulting in an epidural hemorrhage. In this type of
intracranial hemorrhage, the bleeding occurs between the dura mater and
the:
skull.
arachnoid mater.
pia mater.
brain.
6. A client develops leukopenia after receiving chemotherapy. Which nursing
diagnosis would be most appropriate?
Imbalanced nutrition
Risk for infection
Disturbed body image
Deficient fluid volume
7. A 16-year-old male has never been stung by a bee before but is rushed to the
hospital after suspected bee stings. There were multiple bee stings all over
his body, and he is having extreme trouble breathing and has a lot of swelling.
, This is a severe bee sting, NOT mild. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is
this, and what symptoms might he have?
Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction with angioedema and hypotension
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction with Urticaria
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction with anaphylaxis- angioedema,
airway constriction, and hypotension
Type 3 Hypersensitivity reaction with Urticaria and Asthma
Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction with urticaria and rhinitis
8. Which hormones are primarily associated with somatopause in elderly
patients?
Estrogen and testosterone
Cortisol and adrenaline
Thyroid hormones and parathyroid hormone
Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
9. How does the autoimmune nature of myasthenia gravis affect muscle
function?
It leads to decreased communication between nerves and muscles,
resulting in weakness.
It causes muscle fibers to regenerate rapidly.
It enhances muscle contraction by increasing acetylcholine levels.
It results in the overproduction of neurotransmitters.
10. Discuss the significance of areflexia in the context of spinal cord injuries and
patient care.
, Areflexia is a sign of improved nerve function after spinal cord injury.
Areflexia is unrelated to spinal cord injuries.
Areflexia suggests that the patient will regain full mobility soon.
Areflexia indicates a loss of reflexes below the injury site, which
can affect patient mobility and rehabilitation.
11. What is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
Obesity
Large neck
High blood pressure
All of the above
12. A nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about myasthenia
gravis (MG). Which of the following information should the nurse include?
MG is a progressive neuromuscular disease causing ascending
muscle weakness.
MG is an acute autoimmune condition causing destruction of the
myelin sheath.
MG is a chronic autoimmune condition causing varying levels of
muscle weakness.
MG is a self-limited neuromuscular condition that is genetically
transmitted.
13. The patient is having a reaction to a bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity
reaction does the nurse expect to see documented in the patient's chart?
Type III
Type IV
| Questions & Correct Answers | Graded A+
1. What is the name of the autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination
in the central nervous system?
Multiple sclerosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lupus erythematosus
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
2. Describe how vertigo differs from general dizziness in terms of patient
experience.
Vertigo is a type of nausea, while dizziness is a type of headache.
Vertigo is characterized by a false sensation of movement, often
described as spinning, while general dizziness may not involve this
sensation.
Vertigo is always caused by inner ear issues, while dizziness can have
multiple causes.
Dizziness is a more severe form of vertigo.
3. The nurse is reviewing a client's history which reveals that the client has had
an oversecretion of growth hormone (GH) that occurred before puberty. The
nurse interprets this as resulting in which condition?
Acromegaly
Gigantism
Simmonds disease
Dwarfism
,4. The nurse monitors for which complication in the patient with
hyperparathyroidism?
Laryngospasm
Renal stones
Hypertension
Seizures
5. A severe focal injury to the temporal region of the skull can rupture the
middle meningeal artery, resulting in an epidural hemorrhage. In this type of
intracranial hemorrhage, the bleeding occurs between the dura mater and
the:
skull.
arachnoid mater.
pia mater.
brain.
6. A client develops leukopenia after receiving chemotherapy. Which nursing
diagnosis would be most appropriate?
Imbalanced nutrition
Risk for infection
Disturbed body image
Deficient fluid volume
7. A 16-year-old male has never been stung by a bee before but is rushed to the
hospital after suspected bee stings. There were multiple bee stings all over
his body, and he is having extreme trouble breathing and has a lot of swelling.
, This is a severe bee sting, NOT mild. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is
this, and what symptoms might he have?
Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction with angioedema and hypotension
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction with Urticaria
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction with anaphylaxis- angioedema,
airway constriction, and hypotension
Type 3 Hypersensitivity reaction with Urticaria and Asthma
Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction with urticaria and rhinitis
8. Which hormones are primarily associated with somatopause in elderly
patients?
Estrogen and testosterone
Cortisol and adrenaline
Thyroid hormones and parathyroid hormone
Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
9. How does the autoimmune nature of myasthenia gravis affect muscle
function?
It leads to decreased communication between nerves and muscles,
resulting in weakness.
It causes muscle fibers to regenerate rapidly.
It enhances muscle contraction by increasing acetylcholine levels.
It results in the overproduction of neurotransmitters.
10. Discuss the significance of areflexia in the context of spinal cord injuries and
patient care.
, Areflexia is a sign of improved nerve function after spinal cord injury.
Areflexia is unrelated to spinal cord injuries.
Areflexia suggests that the patient will regain full mobility soon.
Areflexia indicates a loss of reflexes below the injury site, which
can affect patient mobility and rehabilitation.
11. What is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
Obesity
Large neck
High blood pressure
All of the above
12. A nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about myasthenia
gravis (MG). Which of the following information should the nurse include?
MG is a progressive neuromuscular disease causing ascending
muscle weakness.
MG is an acute autoimmune condition causing destruction of the
myelin sheath.
MG is a chronic autoimmune condition causing varying levels of
muscle weakness.
MG is a self-limited neuromuscular condition that is genetically
transmitted.
13. The patient is having a reaction to a bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity
reaction does the nurse expect to see documented in the patient's chart?
Type III
Type IV
