NU110 Final Exam Actual Exam Style V1 |
NU 110 Integrated Human Sciences |
Galen
1. Which process refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external
changes?
A. Homeostasis
B. Metabolism
C. Anabolism
D. Hemostasis
Answer: A
Rationale: Homeostasis is the physiological process by which the body maintains a state of
equilibrium. It involves complex feedback loops that monitor variables such as
temperature and pH levels. This mechanism is essential for the survival of organisms in
changing environments.
2. Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosomes
C. Lysosomes
D. Golgi Apparatus
,Answer: A
Rationale: Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they
generate chemical energy. They use oxygen to convert nutrients into adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) during aerobic respiration. This organelle contains its own DNA and is
found in high numbers in metabolically active cells like muscle tissue.
3. What type of tissue is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses?
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Nervous tissue
D. Muscle tissue
Answer: C
Rationale: Nervous tissue is composed of neurons and neuroglia that facilitate rapid
communication within the body. Neurons are specifically designed to receive and transmit
electrical signals known as action potentials. This tissue is the primary component of the
brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
4. Which layer of the skin is composed mainly of stratified squamous epithelium?
A. Epidermis
B. Dermis
C. Hypodermis
, D. Subcutaneous layer
Answer: A
Rationale: The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and serves as a protective
barrier. It is primarily made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium which prevents
water loss and pathogen entry. Unlike the dermis, the epidermis does not contain blood
vessels and relies on diffusion from deeper layers.
5. In long bone growth, where does the longitudinal growth of the bone actually occur?
A. Diaphysis
B. Epiphyseal plate
C. Periosteum
D. Medullary cavity
Answer: B
Rationale: The epiphyseal plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage found in children and
adolescents where bone growth occurs. Chondrocytes divide and eventually become
ossified, which increases the length of the bone. Once growth is complete, this plate is
replaced by an epiphyseal line in adulthood.
6. Which neurotransmitter is primarily released at the neuromuscular junction to trigger
muscle contraction?
A. Dopamine
NU 110 Integrated Human Sciences |
Galen
1. Which process refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external
changes?
A. Homeostasis
B. Metabolism
C. Anabolism
D. Hemostasis
Answer: A
Rationale: Homeostasis is the physiological process by which the body maintains a state of
equilibrium. It involves complex feedback loops that monitor variables such as
temperature and pH levels. This mechanism is essential for the survival of organisms in
changing environments.
2. Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosomes
C. Lysosomes
D. Golgi Apparatus
,Answer: A
Rationale: Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they
generate chemical energy. They use oxygen to convert nutrients into adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) during aerobic respiration. This organelle contains its own DNA and is
found in high numbers in metabolically active cells like muscle tissue.
3. What type of tissue is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses?
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Nervous tissue
D. Muscle tissue
Answer: C
Rationale: Nervous tissue is composed of neurons and neuroglia that facilitate rapid
communication within the body. Neurons are specifically designed to receive and transmit
electrical signals known as action potentials. This tissue is the primary component of the
brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
4. Which layer of the skin is composed mainly of stratified squamous epithelium?
A. Epidermis
B. Dermis
C. Hypodermis
, D. Subcutaneous layer
Answer: A
Rationale: The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and serves as a protective
barrier. It is primarily made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium which prevents
water loss and pathogen entry. Unlike the dermis, the epidermis does not contain blood
vessels and relies on diffusion from deeper layers.
5. In long bone growth, where does the longitudinal growth of the bone actually occur?
A. Diaphysis
B. Epiphyseal plate
C. Periosteum
D. Medullary cavity
Answer: B
Rationale: The epiphyseal plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage found in children and
adolescents where bone growth occurs. Chondrocytes divide and eventually become
ossified, which increases the length of the bone. Once growth is complete, this plate is
replaced by an epiphyseal line in adulthood.
6. Which neurotransmitter is primarily released at the neuromuscular junction to trigger
muscle contraction?
A. Dopamine
