NU110 Exam 4 Actual Exam Style V2
Actual Exam Style V1 | NU 110 Integrated
Human Sciences | Galen
1. A patient presents with a serum sodium level of 152 mEq/L. Which clinical manifestation is
most consistent with this finding?
A. Extreme thirst and dry mucous membranes
B. Muscle weakness and leg cramps
C. Abdominal cramping and diarrhea
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds
Answer: A
Rationale: A sodium level of 152 mEq/L indicates hypernatremia, which is an excess of
sodium relative to water in the extracellular fluid. The body attempts to compensate by
triggering the thirst mechanism in the hypothalamus. Clinical manifestations include
extreme thirst, dry or sticky mucous membranes, and signs of dehydration.
2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of water in the distal
convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney?
A. Aldosterone
B. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
C. Renin
,D. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Answer: D
Rationale: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is released by the
posterior pituitary gland. It acts directly on the kidneys to increase water permeability in
the collecting ducts. This process results in water reabsorption into the blood and more
concentrated urine.
3. A patient has the following ABG results: pH 7.28, PaCO2 55 mmHg, HCO3 26 mEq/L. How
should the nurse interpret these results?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Respiratory Alkalosis
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
D. Respiratory Acidosis
Answer: D
Rationale: The pH is below the normal range of 7.35-7.45, indicating acidosis. The PaCO2
is elevated above 45 mmHg, which points toward a respiratory cause. Since the bicarbonate
(HCO3) is within the normal range, this is uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
4. A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which of the following ECG changes should the
nurse expect to see?
A. Tall, peaked T-waves
, B. Presence of U-waves
C. Shortened QT interval
D. Widened QRS complex
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia, defined as a potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L, affects cardiac
repolarization. Common ECG findings include flattened or inverted T-waves and the
appearance of a prominent U-wave. Tall, peaked T-waves are conversely associated with
hyperkalemia.
5. What is the primary extracellular cation responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure?
A. Sodium
B. Magnesium
C. Potassium
D. Calcium
Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF). It plays a
vital role in maintaining the concentration and volume of the ECF by exerting osmotic
pressure. Potassium is the primary intracellular cation, while sodium dominates the
outside.
Actual Exam Style V1 | NU 110 Integrated
Human Sciences | Galen
1. A patient presents with a serum sodium level of 152 mEq/L. Which clinical manifestation is
most consistent with this finding?
A. Extreme thirst and dry mucous membranes
B. Muscle weakness and leg cramps
C. Abdominal cramping and diarrhea
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds
Answer: A
Rationale: A sodium level of 152 mEq/L indicates hypernatremia, which is an excess of
sodium relative to water in the extracellular fluid. The body attempts to compensate by
triggering the thirst mechanism in the hypothalamus. Clinical manifestations include
extreme thirst, dry or sticky mucous membranes, and signs of dehydration.
2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of water in the distal
convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney?
A. Aldosterone
B. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
C. Renin
,D. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Answer: D
Rationale: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is released by the
posterior pituitary gland. It acts directly on the kidneys to increase water permeability in
the collecting ducts. This process results in water reabsorption into the blood and more
concentrated urine.
3. A patient has the following ABG results: pH 7.28, PaCO2 55 mmHg, HCO3 26 mEq/L. How
should the nurse interpret these results?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Respiratory Alkalosis
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
D. Respiratory Acidosis
Answer: D
Rationale: The pH is below the normal range of 7.35-7.45, indicating acidosis. The PaCO2
is elevated above 45 mmHg, which points toward a respiratory cause. Since the bicarbonate
(HCO3) is within the normal range, this is uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
4. A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which of the following ECG changes should the
nurse expect to see?
A. Tall, peaked T-waves
, B. Presence of U-waves
C. Shortened QT interval
D. Widened QRS complex
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia, defined as a potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L, affects cardiac
repolarization. Common ECG findings include flattened or inverted T-waves and the
appearance of a prominent U-wave. Tall, peaked T-waves are conversely associated with
hyperkalemia.
5. What is the primary extracellular cation responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure?
A. Sodium
B. Magnesium
C. Potassium
D. Calcium
Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF). It plays a
vital role in maintaining the concentration and volume of the ECF by exerting osmotic
pressure. Potassium is the primary intracellular cation, while sodium dominates the
outside.
