NU110 Final Exam Actual Exam Style V2 |
NU 110 Integrated Human Sciences |
Galen
1. Which of the following processes is the primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in
the human body?
A. Negative feedback
B. Positive feedback
C. Feed-forward mechanism
D. Osmotic equilibrium
Answer: A
Rationale: Negative feedback loops are the most common homeostatic mechanisms
because they reverse a change in a controlled condition. For instance, if body temperature
rises, negative feedback acts to lower it back to the set point. This process ensures that
internal environments remain stable despite external fluctuations.
2. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP during aerobic respiration?
A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Mitochondria
,Answer: D
Rationale: Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell because they
produce the majority of the cell’s energy. Through the process of oxidative
phosphorylation, they convert nutrients into adenosine triphosphate. This energy is then
utilized by the cell to perform various physiological functions.
3. In the cell membrane, which component acts as a barrier to polar molecules while allowing
non-polar substances to pass?
A. Peripheral proteins
B. Cholesterol molecules
C. Glycoproteins
D. Phospholipid bilayer
Answer: D
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer consists of hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
that create a semi-permeable barrier. Non-polar substances like oxygen and carbon dioxide
can diffuse through the lipid core easily. However, polar molecules and ions require specific
transport proteins to cross this hydrophobic interior.
4. What phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?
A. Prophase
B. Anaphase
, C. Metaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C
Rationale: During metaphase, the spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids until they are
aligned along the equatorial plane. This alignment is critical to ensure that each daughter
cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. Once aligned, the cell transitions into
anaphase where the chromatids are separated.
5. Which type of epithelial tissue is most likely to be found lining the air sacs of the lungs
(alveoli)?
A. Transitional epithelium
B. Stratified squamous epithelium
C. Simple columnar epithelium
D. Simple squamous epithelium
Answer: D
Rationale: Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flat cells, making it
ideal for rapid diffusion and filtration. In the alveoli, this thinness allows oxygen and
carbon dioxide to exchange quickly between the air and the blood. Other thicker tissues
would hinder the efficiency of gas exchange required for survival.
NU 110 Integrated Human Sciences |
Galen
1. Which of the following processes is the primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in
the human body?
A. Negative feedback
B. Positive feedback
C. Feed-forward mechanism
D. Osmotic equilibrium
Answer: A
Rationale: Negative feedback loops are the most common homeostatic mechanisms
because they reverse a change in a controlled condition. For instance, if body temperature
rises, negative feedback acts to lower it back to the set point. This process ensures that
internal environments remain stable despite external fluctuations.
2. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP during aerobic respiration?
A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Mitochondria
,Answer: D
Rationale: Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell because they
produce the majority of the cell’s energy. Through the process of oxidative
phosphorylation, they convert nutrients into adenosine triphosphate. This energy is then
utilized by the cell to perform various physiological functions.
3. In the cell membrane, which component acts as a barrier to polar molecules while allowing
non-polar substances to pass?
A. Peripheral proteins
B. Cholesterol molecules
C. Glycoproteins
D. Phospholipid bilayer
Answer: D
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer consists of hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
that create a semi-permeable barrier. Non-polar substances like oxygen and carbon dioxide
can diffuse through the lipid core easily. However, polar molecules and ions require specific
transport proteins to cross this hydrophobic interior.
4. What phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?
A. Prophase
B. Anaphase
, C. Metaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C
Rationale: During metaphase, the spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids until they are
aligned along the equatorial plane. This alignment is critical to ensure that each daughter
cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. Once aligned, the cell transitions into
anaphase where the chromatids are separated.
5. Which type of epithelial tissue is most likely to be found lining the air sacs of the lungs
(alveoli)?
A. Transitional epithelium
B. Stratified squamous epithelium
C. Simple columnar epithelium
D. Simple squamous epithelium
Answer: D
Rationale: Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flat cells, making it
ideal for rapid diffusion and filtration. In the alveoli, this thinness allows oxygen and
carbon dioxide to exchange quickly between the air and the blood. Other thicker tissues
would hinder the efficiency of gas exchange required for survival.
