NSG434 Final Exam Actual Exam Style V1
| NSG 434 Nursing Care of Children | Grand
Canyon University
1. According to Piaget, a 7-year-old child is in which stage of cognitive development?
A. Concrete operational stage
B. Preoperational stage
C. Sensorimotor stage
D. Formal operational stage
Answer: A
Rationale: The concrete operational stage occurs between ages 7 and 11 years. During this
time, children begin to think logically about concrete events and understand the concept of
conservation. This stage marks a transition from egocentric thinking to recognizing other
viewpoints.
2. Which of the following physical assessment findings is a hallmark sign of respiratory
distress in an infant?
A. Acrocyanosis
B. Nasal flaring
C. Respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute
D. Abdominal breathing
,Answer: B
Rationale: Nasal flaring is a classic sign of increased work of breathing in the pediatric
population. It indicates that the infant is attempting to decrease airway resistance and
improve oxygenation. Other signs of distress include intercostal retractions and grunting.
3. A mother brings her 4-week-old infant to the clinic reporting forceful, projectile vomiting
after feedings. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Pyloric stenosis
B. Intussusception
C. Gastroesophageal reflux
D. Hirschsprung disease
Answer: A
Rationale: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis typically presents between 2 to 8 weeks of life
with non-bilious projectile vomiting. The nurse may also palpate an olive-shaped mass in
the right upper quadrant. Surgical intervention, known as a pyloromyotomy, is the
definitive treatment for this condition.
4. According to Erikson, what is the primary developmental task for a toddler (ages 1 to 3
years)?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
, C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Answer: D
Rationale: Toddlers are focused on developing a sense of personal control over physical
skills and a sense of independence. Successfully completing this stage leads to the virtue of
will. If the child is overly restricted or criticized, they may develop feelings of inadequacy
and self-doubt.
5. What is the current recommendation for the use of rear-facing car seats in children?
A. Until the child is at least 1 year old
B. Until the child reaches 20 pounds
C. Until the child reaches the highest weight or height allowed by the manufacturer
D. Until the child is 4 years old
Answer: C
Rationale: Safety guidelines recommend that children remain in a rear-facing seat as long
as possible. Most modern seats allow for rear-facing up to 40 pounds or more. This position
provides the best support for the child’s head, neck, and spine in the event of a crash.
6. When administering an intramuscular (IM) injection to a 6-month-old infant, which site is
the most appropriate?
A. Deltoid muscle
| NSG 434 Nursing Care of Children | Grand
Canyon University
1. According to Piaget, a 7-year-old child is in which stage of cognitive development?
A. Concrete operational stage
B. Preoperational stage
C. Sensorimotor stage
D. Formal operational stage
Answer: A
Rationale: The concrete operational stage occurs between ages 7 and 11 years. During this
time, children begin to think logically about concrete events and understand the concept of
conservation. This stage marks a transition from egocentric thinking to recognizing other
viewpoints.
2. Which of the following physical assessment findings is a hallmark sign of respiratory
distress in an infant?
A. Acrocyanosis
B. Nasal flaring
C. Respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute
D. Abdominal breathing
,Answer: B
Rationale: Nasal flaring is a classic sign of increased work of breathing in the pediatric
population. It indicates that the infant is attempting to decrease airway resistance and
improve oxygenation. Other signs of distress include intercostal retractions and grunting.
3. A mother brings her 4-week-old infant to the clinic reporting forceful, projectile vomiting
after feedings. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Pyloric stenosis
B. Intussusception
C. Gastroesophageal reflux
D. Hirschsprung disease
Answer: A
Rationale: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis typically presents between 2 to 8 weeks of life
with non-bilious projectile vomiting. The nurse may also palpate an olive-shaped mass in
the right upper quadrant. Surgical intervention, known as a pyloromyotomy, is the
definitive treatment for this condition.
4. According to Erikson, what is the primary developmental task for a toddler (ages 1 to 3
years)?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
, C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Answer: D
Rationale: Toddlers are focused on developing a sense of personal control over physical
skills and a sense of independence. Successfully completing this stage leads to the virtue of
will. If the child is overly restricted or criticized, they may develop feelings of inadequacy
and self-doubt.
5. What is the current recommendation for the use of rear-facing car seats in children?
A. Until the child is at least 1 year old
B. Until the child reaches 20 pounds
C. Until the child reaches the highest weight or height allowed by the manufacturer
D. Until the child is 4 years old
Answer: C
Rationale: Safety guidelines recommend that children remain in a rear-facing seat as long
as possible. Most modern seats allow for rear-facing up to 40 pounds or more. This position
provides the best support for the child’s head, neck, and spine in the event of a crash.
6. When administering an intramuscular (IM) injection to a 6-month-old infant, which site is
the most appropriate?
A. Deltoid muscle
