Nursing Pathophysiology Exam 2 Study Guide 2026 |
Complete Review | Graded A+
1. Describe how platelets contribute to the process of hemostasis.
Platelets absorb nutrients from the bloodstream to support cell
function.
Platelets secrete hormones that regulate blood pressure.
Platelets aggregate at the site of injury to form a plug and release
chemicals that promote clotting.
Platelets transport oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide.
2. What type of cells are primarily responsible for oxygen transport in the
blood?
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Plasma cells
3. Which person is most likely to suffer from a folate deficiency?
a 21 y/o girl who eats a western diet
a 30 y/o man who abuses alcohol
a person who has been vegetarian for a year
a 75 y/o man with T2DM
,4. A nurse is providing care for a patient diagnosed with a gastrointestinal (GI)
bleed. In educating the patient and family about the condition, the nurse
explains that GI bleeds can lead to iron-deficiency anemia due to:
Increased consumption of iron by the gut microbiota
Decreased iron absorption in the damaged gastrointestinal tract
Blood loss leading to decreased iron levels
Altered iron metabolism due to liver damage
Inflammatory processes consuming stored iron
5. The figure below is of an important molecule for oxygen transport. This figure
shows that ___ _.
A. A hemoglobin molecule can bind up to four molecules of oxygen.
B. Hemoglobin can bind to either oxygen or carbon dioxide.
D. Each iron atom can bind four oxygen molecules.
C. A red blood cell contains four hemoglobin molecules.
6. Loss of pure water alone without a corresponding loss of sodium
Fluid volume deficit
Fluid volume overload
ECV deficit
, Dehydration
7. Which of the following statements about total serum iron in the aging
population is correct?
Total serum iron is decreased
Total serum iron fluctuates significantly
Total serum iron is increased
Total serum iron remains unchanged
8. What is the primary condition that leads to a pure water deficit in the body?
Dehydration
Anemia
Hyperkalemia
Acidosis
9. A 58-year-old female presents in the clinic presenting with fatigue, weight
loss, and tingling in her fingers. Laboratory findings show low hemoglobin
and hematocrit, a high mean corpuscular volume, and normal plasma iron.
These assessment findings are consistent with which type of anemia?
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
10. A benign tumor is causing the adrenal cortex to hyper-secrete all of its
hormones. Which of the following hormones would you expect to be found
at LOWER levels in the blood as a result of this condition?
, Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Cortisol
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
GnRH
both A & C
11. In a patient with elevated natriuretic peptide levels, which clinical condition
might you suspect, and what would be the next step in management?
Anemia; start iron supplementation.
Liver cirrhosis; order a liver function test.
Heart failure; perform a comprehensive cardiac assessment.
Kidney failure; initiate dialysis immediately.
12. A patient presents for light-headedness, anxiety, paresthesia's, tetany,
tingling sensation in hand and feet, mouth numbness. CMP shows high pH,
low pCO2, and low HCO3. condition?
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
respiratory acidosis
13. In a patient with anemia, how might the function of red blood cells be
compromised, and what clinical implications could arise from this condition?
The function of red blood cells may be compromised due to
reduced hemoglobin levels, leading to decreased oxygen
transport and potential fatigue or organ dysfunction.
Complete Review | Graded A+
1. Describe how platelets contribute to the process of hemostasis.
Platelets absorb nutrients from the bloodstream to support cell
function.
Platelets secrete hormones that regulate blood pressure.
Platelets aggregate at the site of injury to form a plug and release
chemicals that promote clotting.
Platelets transport oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide.
2. What type of cells are primarily responsible for oxygen transport in the
blood?
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Plasma cells
3. Which person is most likely to suffer from a folate deficiency?
a 21 y/o girl who eats a western diet
a 30 y/o man who abuses alcohol
a person who has been vegetarian for a year
a 75 y/o man with T2DM
,4. A nurse is providing care for a patient diagnosed with a gastrointestinal (GI)
bleed. In educating the patient and family about the condition, the nurse
explains that GI bleeds can lead to iron-deficiency anemia due to:
Increased consumption of iron by the gut microbiota
Decreased iron absorption in the damaged gastrointestinal tract
Blood loss leading to decreased iron levels
Altered iron metabolism due to liver damage
Inflammatory processes consuming stored iron
5. The figure below is of an important molecule for oxygen transport. This figure
shows that ___ _.
A. A hemoglobin molecule can bind up to four molecules of oxygen.
B. Hemoglobin can bind to either oxygen or carbon dioxide.
D. Each iron atom can bind four oxygen molecules.
C. A red blood cell contains four hemoglobin molecules.
6. Loss of pure water alone without a corresponding loss of sodium
Fluid volume deficit
Fluid volume overload
ECV deficit
, Dehydration
7. Which of the following statements about total serum iron in the aging
population is correct?
Total serum iron is decreased
Total serum iron fluctuates significantly
Total serum iron is increased
Total serum iron remains unchanged
8. What is the primary condition that leads to a pure water deficit in the body?
Dehydration
Anemia
Hyperkalemia
Acidosis
9. A 58-year-old female presents in the clinic presenting with fatigue, weight
loss, and tingling in her fingers. Laboratory findings show low hemoglobin
and hematocrit, a high mean corpuscular volume, and normal plasma iron.
These assessment findings are consistent with which type of anemia?
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
10. A benign tumor is causing the adrenal cortex to hyper-secrete all of its
hormones. Which of the following hormones would you expect to be found
at LOWER levels in the blood as a result of this condition?
, Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Cortisol
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
GnRH
both A & C
11. In a patient with elevated natriuretic peptide levels, which clinical condition
might you suspect, and what would be the next step in management?
Anemia; start iron supplementation.
Liver cirrhosis; order a liver function test.
Heart failure; perform a comprehensive cardiac assessment.
Kidney failure; initiate dialysis immediately.
12. A patient presents for light-headedness, anxiety, paresthesia's, tetany,
tingling sensation in hand and feet, mouth numbness. CMP shows high pH,
low pCO2, and low HCO3. condition?
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
respiratory acidosis
13. In a patient with anemia, how might the function of red blood cells be
compromised, and what clinical implications could arise from this condition?
The function of red blood cells may be compromised due to
reduced hemoglobin levels, leading to decreased oxygen
transport and potential fatigue or organ dysfunction.
