NSG 3160 EXAM 4 KEY CONCEPTS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Differentiate the terms dysphasia and dysphagia
• Dysphasia - difficulty speaking
• Dysphagia - difficulty swallowing
Understand correlation between decreased GI acid production and pernicious anemia
Know the when the percussion sound dullness occurs in GI
• Dullness heard due to fluid or solid organs (liver, spleen)
Understand reasons for abnormal stool colors
• Black- occult (old) blood from GI bleed or iron supplements
• Red – New blood, lower GI bleed, hemorrhoids, rectal CA
• Clay – absence of bile pigment, biliary cirrhosis, gallstone, hepatitis
• Yellow – excessive fat (steatorrhea), malabsorption caused by Celiac disease, Crohn’s, cystic fibrosis
What organ is affected with CVA tenderness (costovertebral angle tenderness)
• Kidney (pyelonephritis)= medical emergency
• High fever & severe tenderness on affected side
• Bladder infection that extend up to the ureter & into the kidneys
What abdominal cavity organ to we NOT palpate and why?
• Spleen should not be palpable, if it is, it is enlarged and can rupture if pressure is applied (LUQ)
Understand the term ventrally located as it related to the male urinary meatus
• Hypospadias
•
Differentiate between anuria and oliguria
• Anuria – complete absence of urine (output)
• Oliguria – diminished/low urine
• Polyuria- frequent urination >6x/day
• Nocturia- urination @ night
• Dysuria- pain/burning w/ urination
Normal findings of an uncircumcised male
• Extra foreskin, smegma normal finding
Foods that change the color of your urine
• Asparagus, beets, berries, food dyes
Understanding BPH (hyperplasia/ hypertrophy) verses prostate cancer
• BPH is enlarged prostate which blocks the flow out urine, causing bladder, kidney, urinary tract
problems; think polyuria, dysuria, nocturia. Slowed ejaculation.
• Prostate CA has similar sx, dx by way of PSA. BPH can mask CA due to similar sx. CA can metastasize
to other organs.
Understanding the following concepts with aging (middle and late…) adult…..
Differentiate the terms dysphasia and dysphagia
• Dysphasia - difficulty speaking
• Dysphagia - difficulty swallowing
Understand correlation between decreased GI acid production and pernicious anemia
Know the when the percussion sound dullness occurs in GI
• Dullness heard due to fluid or solid organs (liver, spleen)
Understand reasons for abnormal stool colors
• Black- occult (old) blood from GI bleed or iron supplements
• Red – New blood, lower GI bleed, hemorrhoids, rectal CA
• Clay – absence of bile pigment, biliary cirrhosis, gallstone, hepatitis
• Yellow – excessive fat (steatorrhea), malabsorption caused by Celiac disease, Crohn’s, cystic fibrosis
What organ is affected with CVA tenderness (costovertebral angle tenderness)
• Kidney (pyelonephritis)= medical emergency
• High fever & severe tenderness on affected side
• Bladder infection that extend up to the ureter & into the kidneys
What abdominal cavity organ to we NOT palpate and why?
• Spleen should not be palpable, if it is, it is enlarged and can rupture if pressure is applied (LUQ)
Understand the term ventrally located as it related to the male urinary meatus
• Hypospadias
•
Differentiate between anuria and oliguria
• Anuria – complete absence of urine (output)
• Oliguria – diminished/low urine
• Polyuria- frequent urination >6x/day
• Nocturia- urination @ night
• Dysuria- pain/burning w/ urination
Normal findings of an uncircumcised male
• Extra foreskin, smegma normal finding
Foods that change the color of your urine
• Asparagus, beets, berries, food dyes
Understanding BPH (hyperplasia/ hypertrophy) verses prostate cancer
• BPH is enlarged prostate which blocks the flow out urine, causing bladder, kidney, urinary tract
problems; think polyuria, dysuria, nocturia. Slowed ejaculation.
• Prostate CA has similar sx, dx by way of PSA. BPH can mask CA due to similar sx. CA can metastasize
to other organs.
Understanding the following concepts with aging (middle and late…) adult…..
