Andrea Duerr
D506
Task 1
A.
1. This task will focus on the early histories of the Tulalip Tribes (Snohomish,
Snoqualmie, Skagit, Suiattle, Samish, and Stillaguamish) from the Puget Sound
Region and the Nez Perce Tribes from the Plateau/Columbia River Basin Region.
2. The Tulalip Tribes were nestled between the Puget Sound and The Cascade
Mountains. This location makes the climate wet and temperate, contributing to
the lush landscape of flora, fauna, and many evergreen trees. Because of the
seemingly endless wood supply, these tribes made their homes and many tools
out of wood. They had winter homes in a more settled village-like setting and
cabin-like homes for the summer. The Puget Sound provided fish and shellfish
that would be used for food, tools, and art. Women and girls gathered shellfish for
their use and for trade, while men fished salmon and hunted bears, deer, and elk.
They also used the wood to carve canoes for fishing. The landscape of the Puget
Sound Region and its many rivers provided an abundance of salmon. Not only
was salmon a central part of the Tulalip Tribes' diets, but it was also a
considerable part of their culture. The tribal people considered the salmon a gift
from their creator, which in turn was the cause of many celebrations and
ceremonies and was used in their art as well.
(WGU General Education (Lesson 3.3), 2024)
The Nez Perce tribe was located East of the Cascade Mountains in a desert-like
environment due to the rain shadow effect from the extensive mountain range.
Part of this landscape was the Great Plains, home to the Buffalo. The Nez Perce
followed the buffalo in the Great Plains and returned to the Celilo Falls during the
salmon spawning season, making them a nomadic tribe. The Nez Perce used the
buffalo's meat, hide, and bones to provide food, clothing, and other tools. The
vast rivers, especially Celilo Falls, provided salmon during the spawning season.
The salmon was not only a vast food source, but they also considered the salmon
a gift from their creator and was a part of many religious ceremonies.
(National Park Services, N.D.)
3. The Tulalip Tribe, “The Gossiping Clams”
Clams used to have legs, and they would walk everywhere. There were lots of
clams everywhere, watching everything people did. When the people slept, the
clams would get together and talk about all the things the people did. Moreover,
if what the people did was not exciting, they would add details to make the
stories better. They were horrible gossipers. One day, Raven did something he
was not supposed to do so he went to the woods to hide from everyone so he
wouldn’t get caught. He turned around and saw a little clam sitting there. Raven
begged the little clam not to tell anyone, and the clam said he would not tell
anyone. However, when the clam went home, he told everyone. This made Raven
, angry, so he spread his wings and gathered all the clams. Then he dropped them
one by one into the sand and pushed them down under the sand. Raven told
them that if they opened their mouths to try and talk, they would be filled with
water and sand. He told them this was their punishment for being gossipers.
However, that did not stop the clams from gossiping. When someone walks on
the beach, and little squirts of water come up, that is the clams gossiping.
(waOSPI, 2022, April 13)
The Nez Perce, “How fire came to be”
A long time ago, there was no fire in the world. The world was dark and cold.
Coyote knew the animals needed fire, and the people in the sky world had fire.
So, the animals devised a plan to get fire from the sky world. They decided to
shoot arrows up into the sky. Various animals tried shooting arrows to stick to the
sky world, but they failed. Then Beaver tried with a bow made from another
animal, and his arrow stuck to the bottom of the sky world. Then he shot another
arrow to attach to the bottom of the arrow stuck in the sky world, and it stuck to
that arrow. Then Beaver continued this process with five quivers of arrows,
creating a ladder connecting the sky world to their world. The dog went up first,
but he loved it so much he never came back down. So, the animals all decided to
go up the ladder. Beaver went up the ladder first and was captured by the sky
people. They killed him, and as they were removing his fur, the other animals all
came and scared the sky people away. Beaver came back to life and scratched
some fire under his nails. Then they all went back down the ladder, but it broke,
and they all fell. As they hit the earth, they were transformed into how animals
are today. Beaver put fire in the stone and wood so that when someone strikes it,
fire comes out. Furthermore, this is how people get their fire today.
(waOSPI, 2022, April 13)
4. The Tulalip tribes have very unique cultural characteristics. One culturally
significant food is salmon. The Tulalip tribes celebrate the salmon, and the great
sacrifice that the salmon endures to nourish the Tulalip people does not go
unnoticed. One celebration is the Salmon Ceremony. During this ceremony, the
first catch of the year becomes the guest of honor. The fish is brought to the
longhouse, where the people greet the guest of honor with drums, singing,
dancing, and stories. Next, the guest of honor receives a blessing before it is
prepared for a meal for the celebration attendees. After the meal, the remains of
the guest of honor are sent back into the water, which will make their upcoming
fishing season more prosperous. According to the Tulalip News, “as the legend
goes, the salmon returns back to its underwater village to show its community
how well the Tulalips honored the salmon people. And therefore, more salmon will
travel to the nets and lines of tribal fisherman throughout the course of the
season.”
(Kim Kalliber, 2022)
Some other unique characteristics of the Tulalip tribes were the different types of
canoes they built and used. One canoe is a trolling canoe, which was made for
one person. It was made light enough for one person to carry and used for fishing
and hunting ducks. Another canoe was the Large Canoe (or West Coast canoe),
D506
Task 1
A.
1. This task will focus on the early histories of the Tulalip Tribes (Snohomish,
Snoqualmie, Skagit, Suiattle, Samish, and Stillaguamish) from the Puget Sound
Region and the Nez Perce Tribes from the Plateau/Columbia River Basin Region.
2. The Tulalip Tribes were nestled between the Puget Sound and The Cascade
Mountains. This location makes the climate wet and temperate, contributing to
the lush landscape of flora, fauna, and many evergreen trees. Because of the
seemingly endless wood supply, these tribes made their homes and many tools
out of wood. They had winter homes in a more settled village-like setting and
cabin-like homes for the summer. The Puget Sound provided fish and shellfish
that would be used for food, tools, and art. Women and girls gathered shellfish for
their use and for trade, while men fished salmon and hunted bears, deer, and elk.
They also used the wood to carve canoes for fishing. The landscape of the Puget
Sound Region and its many rivers provided an abundance of salmon. Not only
was salmon a central part of the Tulalip Tribes' diets, but it was also a
considerable part of their culture. The tribal people considered the salmon a gift
from their creator, which in turn was the cause of many celebrations and
ceremonies and was used in their art as well.
(WGU General Education (Lesson 3.3), 2024)
The Nez Perce tribe was located East of the Cascade Mountains in a desert-like
environment due to the rain shadow effect from the extensive mountain range.
Part of this landscape was the Great Plains, home to the Buffalo. The Nez Perce
followed the buffalo in the Great Plains and returned to the Celilo Falls during the
salmon spawning season, making them a nomadic tribe. The Nez Perce used the
buffalo's meat, hide, and bones to provide food, clothing, and other tools. The
vast rivers, especially Celilo Falls, provided salmon during the spawning season.
The salmon was not only a vast food source, but they also considered the salmon
a gift from their creator and was a part of many religious ceremonies.
(National Park Services, N.D.)
3. The Tulalip Tribe, “The Gossiping Clams”
Clams used to have legs, and they would walk everywhere. There were lots of
clams everywhere, watching everything people did. When the people slept, the
clams would get together and talk about all the things the people did. Moreover,
if what the people did was not exciting, they would add details to make the
stories better. They were horrible gossipers. One day, Raven did something he
was not supposed to do so he went to the woods to hide from everyone so he
wouldn’t get caught. He turned around and saw a little clam sitting there. Raven
begged the little clam not to tell anyone, and the clam said he would not tell
anyone. However, when the clam went home, he told everyone. This made Raven
, angry, so he spread his wings and gathered all the clams. Then he dropped them
one by one into the sand and pushed them down under the sand. Raven told
them that if they opened their mouths to try and talk, they would be filled with
water and sand. He told them this was their punishment for being gossipers.
However, that did not stop the clams from gossiping. When someone walks on
the beach, and little squirts of water come up, that is the clams gossiping.
(waOSPI, 2022, April 13)
The Nez Perce, “How fire came to be”
A long time ago, there was no fire in the world. The world was dark and cold.
Coyote knew the animals needed fire, and the people in the sky world had fire.
So, the animals devised a plan to get fire from the sky world. They decided to
shoot arrows up into the sky. Various animals tried shooting arrows to stick to the
sky world, but they failed. Then Beaver tried with a bow made from another
animal, and his arrow stuck to the bottom of the sky world. Then he shot another
arrow to attach to the bottom of the arrow stuck in the sky world, and it stuck to
that arrow. Then Beaver continued this process with five quivers of arrows,
creating a ladder connecting the sky world to their world. The dog went up first,
but he loved it so much he never came back down. So, the animals all decided to
go up the ladder. Beaver went up the ladder first and was captured by the sky
people. They killed him, and as they were removing his fur, the other animals all
came and scared the sky people away. Beaver came back to life and scratched
some fire under his nails. Then they all went back down the ladder, but it broke,
and they all fell. As they hit the earth, they were transformed into how animals
are today. Beaver put fire in the stone and wood so that when someone strikes it,
fire comes out. Furthermore, this is how people get their fire today.
(waOSPI, 2022, April 13)
4. The Tulalip tribes have very unique cultural characteristics. One culturally
significant food is salmon. The Tulalip tribes celebrate the salmon, and the great
sacrifice that the salmon endures to nourish the Tulalip people does not go
unnoticed. One celebration is the Salmon Ceremony. During this ceremony, the
first catch of the year becomes the guest of honor. The fish is brought to the
longhouse, where the people greet the guest of honor with drums, singing,
dancing, and stories. Next, the guest of honor receives a blessing before it is
prepared for a meal for the celebration attendees. After the meal, the remains of
the guest of honor are sent back into the water, which will make their upcoming
fishing season more prosperous. According to the Tulalip News, “as the legend
goes, the salmon returns back to its underwater village to show its community
how well the Tulalips honored the salmon people. And therefore, more salmon will
travel to the nets and lines of tribal fisherman throughout the course of the
season.”
(Kim Kalliber, 2022)
Some other unique characteristics of the Tulalip tribes were the different types of
canoes they built and used. One canoe is a trolling canoe, which was made for
one person. It was made light enough for one person to carry and used for fishing
and hunting ducks. Another canoe was the Large Canoe (or West Coast canoe),
