Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hk03lq
1. What are the main compo- Mouth and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
nents of the digestive sys- intestine, rectum, and anus.
tem?
2. What is the length of the di- 7-8 meters.
gestive tract?
3. What are the two types of di- Chemical (enzymatic and acidic) and mechanical (grinding).
gestion performed by the di-
gestive system?
4. What is the primary function To break down food into smaller molecules for absorption into
of the digestive system? the circulatory system.
5. What are the stages of diges- 1. Eating and swallowing, 2. Secretion of digestive juices, 3.
tion? Movement of food, 4. Digestion, 5. Absorption, 6. Excretion.
6. Where does the majority of In the small intestine.
nutrient absorption occur in
the digestive system?
7. What is the histological struc- It consists of four main layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis,
ture of the digestive system? and serosa/adventitia.
8. What are the three sub-lay- 1. Stratified squamous epithelium, 2. Lamina propria, 3. Mus-
ers of the mucosa in the di- cularis mucosa.
gestive tract?
9. What is the role of goblet They secrete mucus to lubricate the inner wall of the digestive
cells in the digestive system? tract.
10. parietal and visceral peri- It is the outer layer that secretes serous fluid and supports the
toneum digestive tract in the abdominal cavity.
, Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hk03lq
11. What is the peritoneum? A double-layered membrane that surrounds the abdominal or-
gans, consisting of a visceral layer and a parietal layer.
12. What is the mechanical Mastication.
breakdown of food in the
mouth called?
13. What role does saliva play in It contains enzymes like amylase that begin the breakdown of
digestion? starches, aids in taste, and helps moisten food.
14. What are the three pairs of 1. Parotid glands, 2. Submandibular glands, 3. Sublingual
major salivary glands? glands.
15. What is the role of the uvula It prevents food from entering the nasal cavity.
during swallowing?
16. muscularis mucosae It facilitates the movement of food through peristalsis.
17. What is the role of the phar- It serves as a passage for food from the mouth to the esophagus
ynx in the digestive system? and air from the mouth and nose to the trachea.
18. What happens during the When chewed food touches the back wall of the pharynx, the
swallowing reflex? epiglottis covers the trachea to prevent aspiration.
19. What is the length of the 25 cm; it is a muscular tube that transports food from the
esophagus and its primary pharynx to the stomach.
function?
20. What are the two sphincter Upper sphincter (skeletal muscle) and lower sphincter (smooth
muscles of the esophagus muscle); they regulate the passage of food.
21. What is peristalsis and its sig- The wave-like muscle contractions that move food along the
nificance in the esophagus? digestive tract.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hk03lq
1. What are the main compo- Mouth and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
nents of the digestive sys- intestine, rectum, and anus.
tem?
2. What is the length of the di- 7-8 meters.
gestive tract?
3. What are the two types of di- Chemical (enzymatic and acidic) and mechanical (grinding).
gestion performed by the di-
gestive system?
4. What is the primary function To break down food into smaller molecules for absorption into
of the digestive system? the circulatory system.
5. What are the stages of diges- 1. Eating and swallowing, 2. Secretion of digestive juices, 3.
tion? Movement of food, 4. Digestion, 5. Absorption, 6. Excretion.
6. Where does the majority of In the small intestine.
nutrient absorption occur in
the digestive system?
7. What is the histological struc- It consists of four main layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis,
ture of the digestive system? and serosa/adventitia.
8. What are the three sub-lay- 1. Stratified squamous epithelium, 2. Lamina propria, 3. Mus-
ers of the mucosa in the di- cularis mucosa.
gestive tract?
9. What is the role of goblet They secrete mucus to lubricate the inner wall of the digestive
cells in the digestive system? tract.
10. parietal and visceral peri- It is the outer layer that secretes serous fluid and supports the
toneum digestive tract in the abdominal cavity.
, Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hk03lq
11. What is the peritoneum? A double-layered membrane that surrounds the abdominal or-
gans, consisting of a visceral layer and a parietal layer.
12. What is the mechanical Mastication.
breakdown of food in the
mouth called?
13. What role does saliva play in It contains enzymes like amylase that begin the breakdown of
digestion? starches, aids in taste, and helps moisten food.
14. What are the three pairs of 1. Parotid glands, 2. Submandibular glands, 3. Sublingual
major salivary glands? glands.
15. What is the role of the uvula It prevents food from entering the nasal cavity.
during swallowing?
16. muscularis mucosae It facilitates the movement of food through peristalsis.
17. What is the role of the phar- It serves as a passage for food from the mouth to the esophagus
ynx in the digestive system? and air from the mouth and nose to the trachea.
18. What happens during the When chewed food touches the back wall of the pharynx, the
swallowing reflex? epiglottis covers the trachea to prevent aspiration.
19. What is the length of the 25 cm; it is a muscular tube that transports food from the
esophagus and its primary pharynx to the stomach.
function?
20. What are the two sphincter Upper sphincter (skeletal muscle) and lower sphincter (smooth
muscles of the esophagus muscle); they regulate the passage of food.
21. What is peristalsis and its sig- The wave-like muscle contractions that move food along the
nificance in the esophagus? digestive tract.
