Patho FINAL Exam NURS 303 Fort Hays State
University fully solved & updated 2026
2027(latest version verified for accuracy)
(Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
System controlling hormone release via feedback loops.
Negative Feedback Loop
Decreases hormone production when levels are high.
Positive Feedback Loop
Stimulates more hormone release in response.
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
Hormone initiating stress response via ACTH release.
General Adaptation Syndrome
Body's response to stress in three stages.
Hypopituitarism
Gradual onset of hormone deficiency symptoms.
,Hyperpituitarism
Excess hormone production causing various symptoms.
SIADH
Excess ADH causing water retention and hyponatremia.
Hyponatremia
Low serum sodium levels (<135 mEq/L).
Graves Disease
Autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism.
Hypothyroidism
Deficiency of thyroid hormone from various causes.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
Cortisol
Stress hormone regulating metabolism and immune response.
Epinephrine
Hormone increasing heart rate and energy availability.
Norepinephrine
Hormone affecting attention and response actions.
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter influencing mood and reward pathways.
,Hormone Suppression Tests
Assess hormone production by inhibiting secretion.
Hormone Stimulation Tests
Evaluate hormone production by stimulating secretion.
Thyroid Autoantibodies
Antibodies indicating autoimmune thyroid disease.
Myxedema
Severe hypothyroidism presenting with swelling.
Exophthalmos
Protrusion of eyes associated with Graves disease.
Weight Gain
Common symptom of hypothyroidism due to metabolism
slowdown.
Cold Intolerance
Inability to tolerate cold, often seen in hypothyroidism.
Fluid Replacement Therapy
Treatment for SIADH involving isotonic or hypertonic fluids.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
Hormone produced during pregnancy, supports corpus luteum.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
, Stimulates ovulation and testosterone production in males.
Oxytocin
Hormone involved in childbirth and lactation.
Prolactin
Hormone that stimulates milk production post childbirth.
Progesterone
Hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy.
Androgens
Male sex hormones that promote male characteristics.
Estrogen
Primary female sex hormone, regulates menstrual cycle.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Stimulates follicle development in ovaries and testes.
Luteal Phase
Phase post-ovulation, corpus luteum secretes hormones.
Follicular Phase
Phase where follicles develop and ovulation occurs.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Hormone that stimulates release of FSH and LH.
Inhibin
University fully solved & updated 2026
2027(latest version verified for accuracy)
(Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
System controlling hormone release via feedback loops.
Negative Feedback Loop
Decreases hormone production when levels are high.
Positive Feedback Loop
Stimulates more hormone release in response.
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
Hormone initiating stress response via ACTH release.
General Adaptation Syndrome
Body's response to stress in three stages.
Hypopituitarism
Gradual onset of hormone deficiency symptoms.
,Hyperpituitarism
Excess hormone production causing various symptoms.
SIADH
Excess ADH causing water retention and hyponatremia.
Hyponatremia
Low serum sodium levels (<135 mEq/L).
Graves Disease
Autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism.
Hypothyroidism
Deficiency of thyroid hormone from various causes.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
Cortisol
Stress hormone regulating metabolism and immune response.
Epinephrine
Hormone increasing heart rate and energy availability.
Norepinephrine
Hormone affecting attention and response actions.
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter influencing mood and reward pathways.
,Hormone Suppression Tests
Assess hormone production by inhibiting secretion.
Hormone Stimulation Tests
Evaluate hormone production by stimulating secretion.
Thyroid Autoantibodies
Antibodies indicating autoimmune thyroid disease.
Myxedema
Severe hypothyroidism presenting with swelling.
Exophthalmos
Protrusion of eyes associated with Graves disease.
Weight Gain
Common symptom of hypothyroidism due to metabolism
slowdown.
Cold Intolerance
Inability to tolerate cold, often seen in hypothyroidism.
Fluid Replacement Therapy
Treatment for SIADH involving isotonic or hypertonic fluids.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
Hormone produced during pregnancy, supports corpus luteum.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
, Stimulates ovulation and testosterone production in males.
Oxytocin
Hormone involved in childbirth and lactation.
Prolactin
Hormone that stimulates milk production post childbirth.
Progesterone
Hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy.
Androgens
Male sex hormones that promote male characteristics.
Estrogen
Primary female sex hormone, regulates menstrual cycle.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Stimulates follicle development in ovaries and testes.
Luteal Phase
Phase post-ovulation, corpus luteum secretes hormones.
Follicular Phase
Phase where follicles develop and ovulation occurs.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Hormone that stimulates release of FSH and LH.
Inhibin
