Biology 101 Exam 3 Practice Test 2026 | Most Tested Questions |
Graded A+
1. What is the function of rRNA?
All of the above
to move amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
to form part of the structure of the ribosome and act as an enzyme
for peptide synthesis
to move genetic information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm
2. What is a role of gene regulation in single-cell organisms?
Bacterium can adjust its gene expression to changes in its
environment
Bacterium can produce enzymes only as they are needed
Prevents bacterium from wasting energy and resources
All of the above
3. What is the term used to describe the method of DNA replication where
each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand?
Dispersive replication
Semiconservative replication
Linear replication
Conservative replication
4. If two species share homologous traits, what can be inferred about their
evolutionary history?
, They are the same species that have diverged.
They likely share a common ancestor.
They evolved independently in response to similar environmental
pressures.
They have no evolutionary relationship.
5. If a substitution mutation occurs in a gene coding for a crucial enzyme, what
potential outcome could this have on the organism?
It could lead to a malfunctioning enzyme, affecting metabolic
processes.
It would enhance the enzyme's activity, improving metabolism.
It would have no effect on the organism's phenotype.
It would cause the organism to develop a new trait unrelated to the
enzyme.
6. Describe the structural characteristic of DNA that relates to its diameter.
DNA's diameter changes during transcription.
DNA has a uniform diameter due to its double helix structure.
DNA has an un-uniform diameter because of its single-stranded
nature.
DNA's diameter varies based on the sequence of nucleotides.
7. Each amino acid is 'coded for' by several possible sequences of ____ bases
2
3
4
, 5
8. What is the primary reason traits vary among individuals in a population?
Environmental factors
Age differences
Dietary habits
Genetic variation
9. A multicellular organism begins life as a single cell—a fertilized egg with a
complete set of chromosomes. The picture in Figure 10-2 above shows how
the cell divides to become two cells, then four cells, eight cells, and so on.
Which of the following statements best describes what happens during this
process?
Chromosomes are divided evenly during cell division so that each new
daughter cell has an equal share of the original set.
Chromosomes are stored in the original cell to direct the division of all
daughter cells, which do not have their own chromosomes.
Chromosomes are randomly distributed during cell division so that
some new cells have partial sets while others have complete sets.
Chromosomes are duplicated before cell division so that each new
daughter cell has a complete set.
, 10. What is the term used to describe the process of translating RNA into
protein?
Replication
Mutation
Translation
Transcription
11. In a hypothetical scenario where a drug inhibits apoptosis in human cells,
what potential consequence could arise from prolonged exposure to this
drug?
Enhanced immune response
Decreased cell proliferation
Accelerated tissue repair
Increased risk of cancer
12. Non-coding regions of DNA within a gene are called
codons
anticodons
introns
exons
13. Describe the impact of a frameshift mutation on protein synthesis.
A frameshift mutation can lead to a completely different amino
acid sequence, potentially resulting in a nonfunctional protein.
A frameshift mutation causes the protein to be synthesized faster.
Graded A+
1. What is the function of rRNA?
All of the above
to move amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
to form part of the structure of the ribosome and act as an enzyme
for peptide synthesis
to move genetic information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm
2. What is a role of gene regulation in single-cell organisms?
Bacterium can adjust its gene expression to changes in its
environment
Bacterium can produce enzymes only as they are needed
Prevents bacterium from wasting energy and resources
All of the above
3. What is the term used to describe the method of DNA replication where
each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand?
Dispersive replication
Semiconservative replication
Linear replication
Conservative replication
4. If two species share homologous traits, what can be inferred about their
evolutionary history?
, They are the same species that have diverged.
They likely share a common ancestor.
They evolved independently in response to similar environmental
pressures.
They have no evolutionary relationship.
5. If a substitution mutation occurs in a gene coding for a crucial enzyme, what
potential outcome could this have on the organism?
It could lead to a malfunctioning enzyme, affecting metabolic
processes.
It would enhance the enzyme's activity, improving metabolism.
It would have no effect on the organism's phenotype.
It would cause the organism to develop a new trait unrelated to the
enzyme.
6. Describe the structural characteristic of DNA that relates to its diameter.
DNA's diameter changes during transcription.
DNA has a uniform diameter due to its double helix structure.
DNA has an un-uniform diameter because of its single-stranded
nature.
DNA's diameter varies based on the sequence of nucleotides.
7. Each amino acid is 'coded for' by several possible sequences of ____ bases
2
3
4
, 5
8. What is the primary reason traits vary among individuals in a population?
Environmental factors
Age differences
Dietary habits
Genetic variation
9. A multicellular organism begins life as a single cell—a fertilized egg with a
complete set of chromosomes. The picture in Figure 10-2 above shows how
the cell divides to become two cells, then four cells, eight cells, and so on.
Which of the following statements best describes what happens during this
process?
Chromosomes are divided evenly during cell division so that each new
daughter cell has an equal share of the original set.
Chromosomes are stored in the original cell to direct the division of all
daughter cells, which do not have their own chromosomes.
Chromosomes are randomly distributed during cell division so that
some new cells have partial sets while others have complete sets.
Chromosomes are duplicated before cell division so that each new
daughter cell has a complete set.
, 10. What is the term used to describe the process of translating RNA into
protein?
Replication
Mutation
Translation
Transcription
11. In a hypothetical scenario where a drug inhibits apoptosis in human cells,
what potential consequence could arise from prolonged exposure to this
drug?
Enhanced immune response
Decreased cell proliferation
Accelerated tissue repair
Increased risk of cancer
12. Non-coding regions of DNA within a gene are called
codons
anticodons
introns
exons
13. Describe the impact of a frameshift mutation on protein synthesis.
A frameshift mutation can lead to a completely different amino
acid sequence, potentially resulting in a nonfunctional protein.
A frameshift mutation causes the protein to be synthesized faster.
