BIO 101 Unit 3 Exam 3 Review 2026 | Verified Q&A | Graded A+
1. Diploid cells have:
Two pairs of homologous chromosomes
Two sets of chromosomes
One set of chromosomes
Two chromosomes
2. What key event occurs to chromosomes during prophase in mitosis?
Chromosomes condense
Chromosomes replicate
Chromosomes separate into sister chromatids
Chromosomes align at the equatorial plane
3. Genetic engineering involves
Altering the genome of an organism
has the potential to cure many diseases
is used in agriculture
all of the above
4. What is the definition of an allele?
A type of chromosome
A variant form of a gene
A structure within the nucleus
, A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
5. Which of the following is the best description of an allele?
An allele is a variant form of a gene.
An allele is a subunit of a gene
An allele refers to the dominant and recessive forms of a trait.
An allele is what genes are made of.
6. Describe the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes in the context
of heredity.
Phenotypes are the genetic sequences, while genotypes are the
physical characteristics.
Genotypes determine the potential traits of an organism, while
phenotypes are the actual traits expressed.
Genotypes and phenotypes are identical and interchangeable terms.
Phenotypes are inherited from the environment, while genotypes are
fixed.
7. What are two positive outcomes of genetic engineering?
Advancements in agriculture and medicine
Decreased food production
Higher rates of genetic mutations
Increased environmental pollution
8. What is the definition of a dominant allele?
A dominant allele is only observable when in a homozygous form.
, A dominant allele is the form of a gene that is observable in an
organism when present in either homozygous or heterozygous
form.
A dominant allele is a gene that does not express itself in the
phenotype.
A dominant allele is a type of mutation that affects gene expression.
9. What is the purpose of gene expression?
to make proteins
to replicate the DNA
to obtain energy
to multiply the cells
10. If a cell fails to complete DNA replication during interphase, what would be
the most likely consequence during mitosis?
The daughter cells may not receive the correct amount of genetic
material.
The cell will double its DNA content.
Mitosis will proceed normally without any issues.
The cell will undergo apoptosis immediately.
11. What happens during translation?
DNA is synthesized
mRNA is synthesized from DNA
New strand of DNA is synthesized
Proteins are synthesized from mRNA
, 12. Describe the significance of the movement of sister chromatids during
anaphase in the context of cell division.
The movement ensures that each daughter cell receives an
identical set of chromosomes.
The movement only occurs in meiosis, not mitosis.
The movement allows for genetic variation between daughter cells.
The movement is irrelevant to the outcome of cell division.
13. What is the role of the centromere during cell division?
Regulates gene expression
Keeps sister chromatids together
Facilitates DNA replication
Initiates cytokinesis
14. What is genetic engineering?
All choices are correct
It is a term used to describe some modern techniques in molecular
biology (recombinant DNA technology)
It is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes by technological
intervention/manipulation
It introduces genes that are foreign to the species
15. Consider a scenario where gene expression regulation fails in a multicellular
organism. What potential consequence could arise from this failure?
Improved adaptability to environmental changes.
Increased efficiency in cellular processes across all tissues.
1. Diploid cells have:
Two pairs of homologous chromosomes
Two sets of chromosomes
One set of chromosomes
Two chromosomes
2. What key event occurs to chromosomes during prophase in mitosis?
Chromosomes condense
Chromosomes replicate
Chromosomes separate into sister chromatids
Chromosomes align at the equatorial plane
3. Genetic engineering involves
Altering the genome of an organism
has the potential to cure many diseases
is used in agriculture
all of the above
4. What is the definition of an allele?
A type of chromosome
A variant form of a gene
A structure within the nucleus
, A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
5. Which of the following is the best description of an allele?
An allele is a variant form of a gene.
An allele is a subunit of a gene
An allele refers to the dominant and recessive forms of a trait.
An allele is what genes are made of.
6. Describe the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes in the context
of heredity.
Phenotypes are the genetic sequences, while genotypes are the
physical characteristics.
Genotypes determine the potential traits of an organism, while
phenotypes are the actual traits expressed.
Genotypes and phenotypes are identical and interchangeable terms.
Phenotypes are inherited from the environment, while genotypes are
fixed.
7. What are two positive outcomes of genetic engineering?
Advancements in agriculture and medicine
Decreased food production
Higher rates of genetic mutations
Increased environmental pollution
8. What is the definition of a dominant allele?
A dominant allele is only observable when in a homozygous form.
, A dominant allele is the form of a gene that is observable in an
organism when present in either homozygous or heterozygous
form.
A dominant allele is a gene that does not express itself in the
phenotype.
A dominant allele is a type of mutation that affects gene expression.
9. What is the purpose of gene expression?
to make proteins
to replicate the DNA
to obtain energy
to multiply the cells
10. If a cell fails to complete DNA replication during interphase, what would be
the most likely consequence during mitosis?
The daughter cells may not receive the correct amount of genetic
material.
The cell will double its DNA content.
Mitosis will proceed normally without any issues.
The cell will undergo apoptosis immediately.
11. What happens during translation?
DNA is synthesized
mRNA is synthesized from DNA
New strand of DNA is synthesized
Proteins are synthesized from mRNA
, 12. Describe the significance of the movement of sister chromatids during
anaphase in the context of cell division.
The movement ensures that each daughter cell receives an
identical set of chromosomes.
The movement only occurs in meiosis, not mitosis.
The movement allows for genetic variation between daughter cells.
The movement is irrelevant to the outcome of cell division.
13. What is the role of the centromere during cell division?
Regulates gene expression
Keeps sister chromatids together
Facilitates DNA replication
Initiates cytokinesis
14. What is genetic engineering?
All choices are correct
It is a term used to describe some modern techniques in molecular
biology (recombinant DNA technology)
It is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes by technological
intervention/manipulation
It introduces genes that are foreign to the species
15. Consider a scenario where gene expression regulation fails in a multicellular
organism. What potential consequence could arise from this failure?
Improved adaptability to environmental changes.
Increased efficiency in cellular processes across all tissues.
