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Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Doxylamine (Unisom) - ANSWER
✔✔Two most common H1 antagonist sleep aids
What are H1 antagonists used to treat in allergic disorders? -
ANSWER ✔✔Mild allergic reactions, such as allergic rhinitis and
urticaria.
What are the anticholinergic adverse effects of H1 antagonists? -
ANSWER ✔✔Dry mouth and urinary retention
,What depressive effects can H1 antagonists cause? - ANSWER
✔✔Sedation and impaired ability, more common in FGA due to crossing
the BBB
What behavioral adverse effects are associated with H1 antagonists? -
ANSWER ✔✔Confusion and apathy
What stimulatory effects can H1 antagonists have? - ANSWER
✔✔Muscle spasm and appetite stimulation
What gastrointestinal adverse effects can occur with H1 antagonists? -
ANSWER ✔✔Discomfort
What can happen at high doses of H1 antagonists? - ANSWER
✔✔CNS seizures and hallucinations
In which populations are H1 antagonists contraindicated? - ANSWER
✔✔Newborns, children under the age of 2, and women who are
breastfeeding.
What conditions contraindicate the use of H1 antagonists? -
ANSWER ✔✔Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and
acute exacerbation of asthma.
,What is the effect of H1 antagonists on allergic rhinitis? - ANSWER
✔✔Reduces sneezing, nasal discharge, and irritation of the eyes, nose,
and throat.
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of H1 antagonists? -
ANSWER ✔✔H1 antagonists work by blocking H1 histamine
receptors.
What effect do H1 antagonists have on histamine in the body? -
ANSWER ✔✔They help to reduce the effects of histamine in the
body.
How does blocking histamine action affect wakefulness? - ANSWER
✔✔Blocking histamine action can lead to sedation and help induce
sleep.
What is a common side effect of H1 antagonists when used as a sleep
aid? - ANSWER ✔✔Daytime Drowsiness: Users may experience
lingering sedation the next day.
What are some anticholinergic effects of H1 antagonists? - ANSWER
✔✔Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention.
What CNS effects can H1 antagonists cause, particularly in older adults?
- ANSWER ✔✔Dizziness, confusion, and incoordination.
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, What is the effect of H1 antagonists on urticaria? - ANSWER
✔✔Diminishes redness, itching, and swelling.
Which first-generation H1 antagonists are effective for motion sickness?
- ANSWER ✔✔Promethazine and dimenhydrinate.
How do certain H1 antagonists help with motion sickness? -
ANSWER ✔✔They inhibit muscarinic receptors.
Why are first-generation H1 antagonists included in sleep aids? -
ANSWER ✔✔For short-term management of sleep disturbances.
What are the anticholinergic effects that older adults are more
susceptible to? - ANSWER ✔✔Dizziness, confusion, and sedation.
Why should first-generation antihistamines be used cautiously in older
adults? - ANSWER ✔✔They can increase sedation and
anticholinergic effects, raising the risk of falls and accidents.
What criteria advises against the use of first-generation antihistamines in
older adults? - ANSWER ✔✔Beers Criteria.
What is a concern regarding polypharmacy in older adults? -
ANSWER ✔✔Increased risk of drug interactions and cumulative side
effects.