PSY 357 QUIZZES FOR EXAM 2 || ERRORLESS ANSWERS
100%.
A researcher decides to conduct an experiment similar to Neisser's (1964) visual search study,
presenting "Z"'s in arrays containing two types of distracter objects. In one array, there are letters
such as "O"s and "G"s. In the other array, there are letters such as "E"s and "X"s. Which of the
following patterns of results would suggest that letter perception is bottom-up and feature-based?
a. Faster detection of Zs in arrays of E's and X's
b. Slower detection of Z's in arrays of E's and X's
c. Slower detection of Z's in arrays of O's and G's
d. Equally fast detection in either array type correct answers b
Along with experience, readers become more:
a. efficient in extracting information from text with fewer eye movements
b. careful in fixating every word
c. careless by needing to regress more often to previous words
d. rapid in their reading, but extract less information from the text correct answers a
Although the perceptual spans of both English speakers and Hebrew speakers are asymmetrical,
they are not asymmetrical in the same direction. For English speakers, perceptual span is larger
to the right side of the current fixation point, and for Hebrew speakers, it is larger to the left side.
Why is that?
a. speakers of English tend to drive and walk on the right; speakers of Hebrew tend to drive and
walk on the left
b. speakers of Hebrew focus more on the past than speakers of English
c. due to differences in the direction in which each language is written and read, attention moves
further to the right while reading English, and further to the left while reading Hebrew
,d. English is read from right to left, and Hebrew is read from left to right correct answers c
Dr. Werdnurd has designed an experiment in the following way: In both conditions, the subjects'
objective is to identify a letter briefly presented at a specific location on a computer screen. In
the "word string" condition, the letter, for example "r", is presented as part of a meaningful word,
like "work". In the "isolated" condition, the "r" is presented in isolation at the same position on
the screen. If he measured accuracy in percent, which of the following patterns of results would
likely be obtained?
a. Word string: 80%; Isolation: 90%
b. Word string: 80%; Isolation: 60%
c. Word string: 50%; Isolation: 50%
d. Word string: 100%; Isolation: 100% correct answers b
Keith wants to know how much information is perceptually available to people reading English.
To test this so-called "perceptual span", he uses a technique in which people's eyes are tracked as
they read passages of text. Which of the following must he do to test the size of perceptual span?
a. manipulate the size of the font presented to participants
b. manipulate the color of the font present to participants
c. only make a small amount of letter information available outside a window that moves along
with participants' fixations; inside of that window of fixation, letters are replaced with X's
d. only make a small amount of letter information available within a window that moves along
with participants' fixations; outside of that window of fixation, letters are replaced with X's
correct answers d
The Word Superiority effect shows that participants are better at recognizing letters when they
are presented in the context of a word than when they are presented in isolation or as part of a
nonsense word. Thus, it presents an excellent example of a(n) ________ effect in reading. correct
answers top down effect
, When Maria pronounces irregular words such as "laughter" correctly, it's because she is able to
a. store that pronunciation in memory, and access it via the lexical route
b. store that pronunciation in memory, and access it via the sublexical route
c. use phonemic rules to sound it out via the lexical route
d. use phonemic rules to sound it out via the sublexical route correct answers a
using pheoetic rules to sound out correct answers sub lexical
pronunciation in memory correct answers lexical
Which of the following words has a "regular" spelling-to-sound correspondence?
a. pint
b. steak
c. been
d. seen correct answers d
While reading a novel, Andre makes occasional eye movements to earlier words parts of a text
that he has already read. These kinds of eye movements are called:
a. saccades
b. fixations
c. regressions
d. traces correct answers c
In what way are interactionist models of sentence comprehension different than modular models?
a. interactionist models propose that syntax is rarely used during parsing decisions
100%.
A researcher decides to conduct an experiment similar to Neisser's (1964) visual search study,
presenting "Z"'s in arrays containing two types of distracter objects. In one array, there are letters
such as "O"s and "G"s. In the other array, there are letters such as "E"s and "X"s. Which of the
following patterns of results would suggest that letter perception is bottom-up and feature-based?
a. Faster detection of Zs in arrays of E's and X's
b. Slower detection of Z's in arrays of E's and X's
c. Slower detection of Z's in arrays of O's and G's
d. Equally fast detection in either array type correct answers b
Along with experience, readers become more:
a. efficient in extracting information from text with fewer eye movements
b. careful in fixating every word
c. careless by needing to regress more often to previous words
d. rapid in their reading, but extract less information from the text correct answers a
Although the perceptual spans of both English speakers and Hebrew speakers are asymmetrical,
they are not asymmetrical in the same direction. For English speakers, perceptual span is larger
to the right side of the current fixation point, and for Hebrew speakers, it is larger to the left side.
Why is that?
a. speakers of English tend to drive and walk on the right; speakers of Hebrew tend to drive and
walk on the left
b. speakers of Hebrew focus more on the past than speakers of English
c. due to differences in the direction in which each language is written and read, attention moves
further to the right while reading English, and further to the left while reading Hebrew
,d. English is read from right to left, and Hebrew is read from left to right correct answers c
Dr. Werdnurd has designed an experiment in the following way: In both conditions, the subjects'
objective is to identify a letter briefly presented at a specific location on a computer screen. In
the "word string" condition, the letter, for example "r", is presented as part of a meaningful word,
like "work". In the "isolated" condition, the "r" is presented in isolation at the same position on
the screen. If he measured accuracy in percent, which of the following patterns of results would
likely be obtained?
a. Word string: 80%; Isolation: 90%
b. Word string: 80%; Isolation: 60%
c. Word string: 50%; Isolation: 50%
d. Word string: 100%; Isolation: 100% correct answers b
Keith wants to know how much information is perceptually available to people reading English.
To test this so-called "perceptual span", he uses a technique in which people's eyes are tracked as
they read passages of text. Which of the following must he do to test the size of perceptual span?
a. manipulate the size of the font presented to participants
b. manipulate the color of the font present to participants
c. only make a small amount of letter information available outside a window that moves along
with participants' fixations; inside of that window of fixation, letters are replaced with X's
d. only make a small amount of letter information available within a window that moves along
with participants' fixations; outside of that window of fixation, letters are replaced with X's
correct answers d
The Word Superiority effect shows that participants are better at recognizing letters when they
are presented in the context of a word than when they are presented in isolation or as part of a
nonsense word. Thus, it presents an excellent example of a(n) ________ effect in reading. correct
answers top down effect
, When Maria pronounces irregular words such as "laughter" correctly, it's because she is able to
a. store that pronunciation in memory, and access it via the lexical route
b. store that pronunciation in memory, and access it via the sublexical route
c. use phonemic rules to sound it out via the lexical route
d. use phonemic rules to sound it out via the sublexical route correct answers a
using pheoetic rules to sound out correct answers sub lexical
pronunciation in memory correct answers lexical
Which of the following words has a "regular" spelling-to-sound correspondence?
a. pint
b. steak
c. been
d. seen correct answers d
While reading a novel, Andre makes occasional eye movements to earlier words parts of a text
that he has already read. These kinds of eye movements are called:
a. saccades
b. fixations
c. regressions
d. traces correct answers c
In what way are interactionist models of sentence comprehension different than modular models?
a. interactionist models propose that syntax is rarely used during parsing decisions
