MIMG 101 MIDTERM || A+ Guaranteed.
robert hooke correct answers first description of microorganisms
leeuwenhoek correct answers first person to see bacteria
louis pasteur correct answers did not believe in spontaneous generation, heat experiment and seal
experiment, organisms still grow
robert koch correct answers linked cause and effect in an infectious disease
Koch's Postulates correct answers 1. The suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the
disease and absent from healthy animals.
2. The suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture.
3. Cells from a pure culture of the suspected pathogen must cause disease in a healthy animal.
4. The suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original.
common features to ALL cells correct answers dna/rna, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes
magnification vs resolution correct answers Magnification enlarges, resolution distinguishes
objects
5 types of compound light microscopes correct answers bright field, phase contrast, differential
interface contrast, dark field, fluorescence
bright field correct answers microscope detects light scattered by cells, stained/pigmented scatter
light better
,phase contrast correct answers difference between diffracted and undiffracted light is amplified,
difference accentuated, living/unpigmented cells, best for internal structures
dark field correct answers light directed toward cell from sides, only scattered reaches lens, best
for small organisms & flagella
differential interface contrast correct answers provides 3D image, polarized light through prism
generates two beams, beams pass through cells, enter objective lens, recombine
fluorescence microscopy correct answers visualize specimens that fluoresce, emit light of one
color when another color is shined (autofluorescence, fluorescent proteins, immunofluorescence
assay)
fluorescent proteins correct answers subcellular localization, fuse GFP into a gene of interest
immunofluorescence correct answers 1. add unlabeled primary antibody
2. wash away unbound antibody
3. add fluoro secondary antibody
electron microscopy (+ 2 types) correct answers use electrons instead of visible light
(transmission EM and scanning EM)
transmission EM correct answers 0.2nm, needs very thinly sectioned samples stained with
special stains, best for internal structures in cells
scanning EM correct answers better for 3D images, surface and external structures, coated with
heavy metal (gold)
simple stain correct answers dyes that have an affinity for specific cellular materials (methylene
blue, crystal violet, safranin bind to negative charge)
, gram positive bacteria correct answers thick peptidoglycan, stain purple
gram negative bacteria correct answers periplasm, stain pink
gram staining procedure correct answers 1. flood heat fixed smear with crystal violent (CV)
2. add iodine solution (iodine and CV aggregate into a complex)
3. decolorize with alcohol (CV stauys in G+)
4. counterstain with safranin
spherical shape correct answers cocci
rods shape correct answers bacilli
curved shape correct answers spirilla
comma shaped correct answers vibrio
rigid and corkscrew shaped correct answers spirochetes
string like shaped correct answers filamentous
bacteria in pairs correct answers diplo
grape like clusters correct answers staphylo
chain like clusters correct answers strepto
robert hooke correct answers first description of microorganisms
leeuwenhoek correct answers first person to see bacteria
louis pasteur correct answers did not believe in spontaneous generation, heat experiment and seal
experiment, organisms still grow
robert koch correct answers linked cause and effect in an infectious disease
Koch's Postulates correct answers 1. The suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the
disease and absent from healthy animals.
2. The suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture.
3. Cells from a pure culture of the suspected pathogen must cause disease in a healthy animal.
4. The suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original.
common features to ALL cells correct answers dna/rna, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes
magnification vs resolution correct answers Magnification enlarges, resolution distinguishes
objects
5 types of compound light microscopes correct answers bright field, phase contrast, differential
interface contrast, dark field, fluorescence
bright field correct answers microscope detects light scattered by cells, stained/pigmented scatter
light better
,phase contrast correct answers difference between diffracted and undiffracted light is amplified,
difference accentuated, living/unpigmented cells, best for internal structures
dark field correct answers light directed toward cell from sides, only scattered reaches lens, best
for small organisms & flagella
differential interface contrast correct answers provides 3D image, polarized light through prism
generates two beams, beams pass through cells, enter objective lens, recombine
fluorescence microscopy correct answers visualize specimens that fluoresce, emit light of one
color when another color is shined (autofluorescence, fluorescent proteins, immunofluorescence
assay)
fluorescent proteins correct answers subcellular localization, fuse GFP into a gene of interest
immunofluorescence correct answers 1. add unlabeled primary antibody
2. wash away unbound antibody
3. add fluoro secondary antibody
electron microscopy (+ 2 types) correct answers use electrons instead of visible light
(transmission EM and scanning EM)
transmission EM correct answers 0.2nm, needs very thinly sectioned samples stained with
special stains, best for internal structures in cells
scanning EM correct answers better for 3D images, surface and external structures, coated with
heavy metal (gold)
simple stain correct answers dyes that have an affinity for specific cellular materials (methylene
blue, crystal violet, safranin bind to negative charge)
, gram positive bacteria correct answers thick peptidoglycan, stain purple
gram negative bacteria correct answers periplasm, stain pink
gram staining procedure correct answers 1. flood heat fixed smear with crystal violent (CV)
2. add iodine solution (iodine and CV aggregate into a complex)
3. decolorize with alcohol (CV stauys in G+)
4. counterstain with safranin
spherical shape correct answers cocci
rods shape correct answers bacilli
curved shape correct answers spirilla
comma shaped correct answers vibrio
rigid and corkscrew shaped correct answers spirochetes
string like shaped correct answers filamentous
bacteria in pairs correct answers diplo
grape like clusters correct answers staphylo
chain like clusters correct answers strepto
