IB 329 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
what is animal behavior? - Answers - the study of how and why animals interact with
each other (both within and among species) and their environment
proximate questions - Answers - "how" — mechanisms responsible for interactions
ultimate questions - Answers - "why" — how these interactions influence an individual's
survival and reproduction
3 hypothesis for why humans use spices - Answers - H1: they provide extra calories
H2: they provide rare nutrients
H3: they help to preserve food longer
intra-specific interactions (4) - Answers - - male competition
- mate choice
- alarm calls
- parental care
inter-specific interactions (4) - Answers - - predation: one species hunts and kills
another
- mutualism: both species benefit
- parasitism: one species lives on/inside another = causes harm to the other
- competition: species fight for same resources = lower population growth for both
interactions with the environment (3) - Answers - - foraging: searching for wild food
resources
-nest site selection
-signal modification
define anthropomorphism - Answers - attributing human qualities to non-humans
define ethology - Answers - scientific study of behavior in the field using observation
define instinct - Answers - innate behavior in response to a stimulus (as opposed to
learned). can be performed WITHOUT any prior experience. coined by C.O. Whitman.
what are sign stimuli? - Answers - triggers of instinctive stereotyped behaviors
how does sign stimuli help a tick get a blood meal? - Answers - 1. immature females are
only sensitive to light >>> crawl towards light (towards tip of grass)
2. tick is only sensitive to butyric acid (produced by mammals)
3. senses butyric acid >>> drops onto mammal
, 4. tick is sensitive to temperature >>> burrow into warm surface and suck any warm
liquid
sexual selection - Answers - traits related directly to mate acquisition and mate choice
were distinctly different from other traits under natural selection (ex: foraging ability) >>>
depends on the success of certain individuals over others of the same sex in relation to
reproduction of the species
Konrad Lorenz - Answers - - examined genetically programmed behaviors in young and
imprinting.
- ex: young geese form an image of "parent" just after hatching. if hatchlings first
encounter a human, they will imprint them and follow him around as if he were their
mother.
Karl von Frisch - Answers - - bee communication and foraging
- bees have color vision + use dane language to communicate the location of resources
to other bees
Charles Henry Turner - Answers - - insects can hear and alter behavior based on
previous experience (= capable of learning)
- bees can see in color and recognize patterns
Niko Tingerbgen - Answers - - digger wasps used visual landmarks to relocate their
nests
- 4 questions: proximate causation, ontogeny, ultimate causation, phylogeny
proximate causation - Answers - sensory systems and motor mechanisms
ontogeny - Answers - interaction between genes and environment to shape behavior
(development)
ultimate causation - Answers - selective processes that shape behavior (function in
relation to fitness)
phylogeny - Answers - historical processes that shape behavior (constraints due to
shared evolutionary history)
behaviorism - Answers - - B.F. Skinner
- experimental studies of behavior in the lab using manipulation on model organisms
- goal: develop universal principals of behavior
- learning: classical and operant conditioning
theoretical approach - Answers - use models and simulations to make predictions (input
should come from best available data)
what is animal behavior? - Answers - the study of how and why animals interact with
each other (both within and among species) and their environment
proximate questions - Answers - "how" — mechanisms responsible for interactions
ultimate questions - Answers - "why" — how these interactions influence an individual's
survival and reproduction
3 hypothesis for why humans use spices - Answers - H1: they provide extra calories
H2: they provide rare nutrients
H3: they help to preserve food longer
intra-specific interactions (4) - Answers - - male competition
- mate choice
- alarm calls
- parental care
inter-specific interactions (4) - Answers - - predation: one species hunts and kills
another
- mutualism: both species benefit
- parasitism: one species lives on/inside another = causes harm to the other
- competition: species fight for same resources = lower population growth for both
interactions with the environment (3) - Answers - - foraging: searching for wild food
resources
-nest site selection
-signal modification
define anthropomorphism - Answers - attributing human qualities to non-humans
define ethology - Answers - scientific study of behavior in the field using observation
define instinct - Answers - innate behavior in response to a stimulus (as opposed to
learned). can be performed WITHOUT any prior experience. coined by C.O. Whitman.
what are sign stimuli? - Answers - triggers of instinctive stereotyped behaviors
how does sign stimuli help a tick get a blood meal? - Answers - 1. immature females are
only sensitive to light >>> crawl towards light (towards tip of grass)
2. tick is only sensitive to butyric acid (produced by mammals)
3. senses butyric acid >>> drops onto mammal
, 4. tick is sensitive to temperature >>> burrow into warm surface and suck any warm
liquid
sexual selection - Answers - traits related directly to mate acquisition and mate choice
were distinctly different from other traits under natural selection (ex: foraging ability) >>>
depends on the success of certain individuals over others of the same sex in relation to
reproduction of the species
Konrad Lorenz - Answers - - examined genetically programmed behaviors in young and
imprinting.
- ex: young geese form an image of "parent" just after hatching. if hatchlings first
encounter a human, they will imprint them and follow him around as if he were their
mother.
Karl von Frisch - Answers - - bee communication and foraging
- bees have color vision + use dane language to communicate the location of resources
to other bees
Charles Henry Turner - Answers - - insects can hear and alter behavior based on
previous experience (= capable of learning)
- bees can see in color and recognize patterns
Niko Tingerbgen - Answers - - digger wasps used visual landmarks to relocate their
nests
- 4 questions: proximate causation, ontogeny, ultimate causation, phylogeny
proximate causation - Answers - sensory systems and motor mechanisms
ontogeny - Answers - interaction between genes and environment to shape behavior
(development)
ultimate causation - Answers - selective processes that shape behavior (function in
relation to fitness)
phylogeny - Answers - historical processes that shape behavior (constraints due to
shared evolutionary history)
behaviorism - Answers - - B.F. Skinner
- experimental studies of behavior in the lab using manipulation on model organisms
- goal: develop universal principals of behavior
- learning: classical and operant conditioning
theoretical approach - Answers - use models and simulations to make predictions (input
should come from best available data)
