Advanced Pharmacology Exam 1 Study Guide
(2026/2027) | Latest Exam Questions |
Revision Pack | A+ Verified
• Prescription writing: required pt and prescriber info -✓✓Patient's
name and full address
Date of prescription
Prescriber's full name, address, and phone number
Prescriber's DEA # if controlled substance
• Prescription writing: required drug info -✓✓Name (don't abbreviate)
Strength and vehicle
Dosage
Route of administration
Directions (Sig) for taking the med: frequency, timing, details specific to
drug
Amount to be dispensed
Refills
• Critical Rx Information? -✓✓DAW vs generic, refill #, dose form,
length of therapy/quantity, pt Ax, date of Rx, route, signature, DEA #
• "Rational" Prescribing Process, WHO -✓✓Choose a rational treatment
Selection of P-drugs (Personal drugs)
,Treating the pt (select, Rx, monitor)
Keeping up-to-date
• What are P-drugs? -✓✓P(ersonal) drugs - those that you are going to
prescribe regularly and with which you become familiar
• Steps of Rational Prescribing -✓✓Define the pt's problem
Specify the therapeutic objective
Choose Tx
Verify: efficacy, safety, suitability, cost
Start Tx (write a clear Rx)
Educate! Give inform instructions, warnings
Monitor treatment
• What is DAW in prescribing? -✓✓Dispense as written
• "Rights" of a prescription -✓✓Patient
Medication
Dose
Route
Dose schedule
Does this make sense for this drug, patient, situation?
,• Pharmacokinetics -✓✓How the body affects a drug
• Pharmacodynamics -✓✓How a drug affects the body - effects that
occur at the cellular and systemic levels
• Pharmacogenomics -✓✓General study of how one's individual genetic
variation affects drug behavior
• Four components of pharmacokinetics -✓✓ADME - absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion
• Absorption -✓✓How (well) does the body uptake the drug?
• Distribution -✓✓Transportation of the drug to the site of action
How (well) is the drug carried to the site of action?
• Elimination -✓✓How (well) is the drug cleared from the body?
• All types of absorption are affected by... -✓✓Drug properties
(molecular weight, lipid solubility) pKa, drug formulation, disintegration
time, dissolution rate)
• Enteral Absorption - GI tract - affected by? (4 things) -✓✓Blood flow
to area of absorption
, First pass effect
Cellular membrane permeability (passive vs. active)
GI motility (absence/presence of food in stomach, other drugs)
• Parenteral Absorption - affected by? (2 things) -✓✓Blood flow to area
of absorption
Cell membrane permeability (passive vs. active transport)
• Bioavailability -✓✓Percentage of a drug that reaches the systemic
circulation
Ex: IV route = 100% bioavailability
• First pass effect -✓✓PO drug that is absorbed in the GI tract and
metabolized via liver before reaching systemic circulation
• Distribution is dependent upon... (3 things) -✓✓Route of
administration
Blood flow
Solubility of drug (lipid/water)
• In what forms can the drug circulate?
In what form can a drug affect the body? What is that dependent on? -
✓✓Can be free, bound to protein, or stored in tissue in equilibrium
Only unbound/free drug can exert effect on body
(2026/2027) | Latest Exam Questions |
Revision Pack | A+ Verified
• Prescription writing: required pt and prescriber info -✓✓Patient's
name and full address
Date of prescription
Prescriber's full name, address, and phone number
Prescriber's DEA # if controlled substance
• Prescription writing: required drug info -✓✓Name (don't abbreviate)
Strength and vehicle
Dosage
Route of administration
Directions (Sig) for taking the med: frequency, timing, details specific to
drug
Amount to be dispensed
Refills
• Critical Rx Information? -✓✓DAW vs generic, refill #, dose form,
length of therapy/quantity, pt Ax, date of Rx, route, signature, DEA #
• "Rational" Prescribing Process, WHO -✓✓Choose a rational treatment
Selection of P-drugs (Personal drugs)
,Treating the pt (select, Rx, monitor)
Keeping up-to-date
• What are P-drugs? -✓✓P(ersonal) drugs - those that you are going to
prescribe regularly and with which you become familiar
• Steps of Rational Prescribing -✓✓Define the pt's problem
Specify the therapeutic objective
Choose Tx
Verify: efficacy, safety, suitability, cost
Start Tx (write a clear Rx)
Educate! Give inform instructions, warnings
Monitor treatment
• What is DAW in prescribing? -✓✓Dispense as written
• "Rights" of a prescription -✓✓Patient
Medication
Dose
Route
Dose schedule
Does this make sense for this drug, patient, situation?
,• Pharmacokinetics -✓✓How the body affects a drug
• Pharmacodynamics -✓✓How a drug affects the body - effects that
occur at the cellular and systemic levels
• Pharmacogenomics -✓✓General study of how one's individual genetic
variation affects drug behavior
• Four components of pharmacokinetics -✓✓ADME - absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion
• Absorption -✓✓How (well) does the body uptake the drug?
• Distribution -✓✓Transportation of the drug to the site of action
How (well) is the drug carried to the site of action?
• Elimination -✓✓How (well) is the drug cleared from the body?
• All types of absorption are affected by... -✓✓Drug properties
(molecular weight, lipid solubility) pKa, drug formulation, disintegration
time, dissolution rate)
• Enteral Absorption - GI tract - affected by? (4 things) -✓✓Blood flow
to area of absorption
, First pass effect
Cellular membrane permeability (passive vs. active)
GI motility (absence/presence of food in stomach, other drugs)
• Parenteral Absorption - affected by? (2 things) -✓✓Blood flow to area
of absorption
Cell membrane permeability (passive vs. active transport)
• Bioavailability -✓✓Percentage of a drug that reaches the systemic
circulation
Ex: IV route = 100% bioavailability
• First pass effect -✓✓PO drug that is absorbed in the GI tract and
metabolized via liver before reaching systemic circulation
• Distribution is dependent upon... (3 things) -✓✓Route of
administration
Blood flow
Solubility of drug (lipid/water)
• In what forms can the drug circulate?
In what form can a drug affect the body? What is that dependent on? -
✓✓Can be free, bound to protein, or stored in tissue in equilibrium
Only unbound/free drug can exert effect on body
