Advanced Pharmacology Exam 3
(2026/2027) | Latest Exam Questions
| Revision Pack | A+ Verified
• what is pain threshold? -✓✓level of stimulus needed to create painful
sensation
• what is pain tolerance? -✓✓amount of pain one can endure without
interfering with normal functioning.
• somatic pain -✓✓skin pain
muscle pain
tissue pain
• visceral pain -✓✓organ pain
• what are reasons for under treatment of pain? -✓✓lack of pain
assessment
health professional attitude towards drug seeking
inaccurate information about addiction
under dosing
,patient's cultural beliefs
• what does unrelieved pain lead to? -✓✓HTN ***
Increased HR
Increased RR
pneumonia ***
Urinary retention
ileus
confusion
weakness
• what are nonopioid analgesics used for? -✓✓mild to moderate pain
good for: dull/throbbing headache pain, dysmenorrhea, inflammation,
minor abrasions, muscular aches, mild-mod arthritis
• what are examples of nonopioid analgesics? -✓✓Acetaminophen
(tylenol) --> OTC
NSAIDS --> OTC
1. ASA
2. Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil)
,3. Naproxen (Aleve)
COX2 inhibitors --> Rx
1. Celebrex
2. Vioxx
**Give the analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects (tylenol
not so good for inflammation) ***
• MOA of NSAIDS -✓✓block cyclo-oxygenase and inhibit synthesis of
prostaglandins
• what does the inhibition of Cox-1 and Cox-2 do? -✓✓decreases
inflammation and pain
• what does the inhibition of Cox-1 do? -✓✓decreases protection of the
stomach lining
• why are Cox-2 blockers better than Cox-1 blockers? -✓✓they
decrease the synthesis of prostaglandins without irritating the stomach
** limit use to 6 months**
, • what is a concern with all NSAIDS? -✓✓increased bleeding might
occur
• what is aspirin? -✓✓a salicylate NSAID
the oldest nonopioid drug
• what syndrome does aspirin play a role in? -✓✓Reye syndrome
• main SE of ASA? -✓✓decreased platelet aggregation
• adverse reactions/SE of ASA -✓✓gastric irritation (if its a COx-1
inhibitor)
tinnitus (CN VIII) ***
vertigo
bronchospasm ***
urticaria
• who is ASA contraindicated in? -✓✓children < 19
(2026/2027) | Latest Exam Questions
| Revision Pack | A+ Verified
• what is pain threshold? -✓✓level of stimulus needed to create painful
sensation
• what is pain tolerance? -✓✓amount of pain one can endure without
interfering with normal functioning.
• somatic pain -✓✓skin pain
muscle pain
tissue pain
• visceral pain -✓✓organ pain
• what are reasons for under treatment of pain? -✓✓lack of pain
assessment
health professional attitude towards drug seeking
inaccurate information about addiction
under dosing
,patient's cultural beliefs
• what does unrelieved pain lead to? -✓✓HTN ***
Increased HR
Increased RR
pneumonia ***
Urinary retention
ileus
confusion
weakness
• what are nonopioid analgesics used for? -✓✓mild to moderate pain
good for: dull/throbbing headache pain, dysmenorrhea, inflammation,
minor abrasions, muscular aches, mild-mod arthritis
• what are examples of nonopioid analgesics? -✓✓Acetaminophen
(tylenol) --> OTC
NSAIDS --> OTC
1. ASA
2. Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil)
,3. Naproxen (Aleve)
COX2 inhibitors --> Rx
1. Celebrex
2. Vioxx
**Give the analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects (tylenol
not so good for inflammation) ***
• MOA of NSAIDS -✓✓block cyclo-oxygenase and inhibit synthesis of
prostaglandins
• what does the inhibition of Cox-1 and Cox-2 do? -✓✓decreases
inflammation and pain
• what does the inhibition of Cox-1 do? -✓✓decreases protection of the
stomach lining
• why are Cox-2 blockers better than Cox-1 blockers? -✓✓they
decrease the synthesis of prostaglandins without irritating the stomach
** limit use to 6 months**
, • what is a concern with all NSAIDS? -✓✓increased bleeding might
occur
• what is aspirin? -✓✓a salicylate NSAID
the oldest nonopioid drug
• what syndrome does aspirin play a role in? -✓✓Reye syndrome
• main SE of ASA? -✓✓decreased platelet aggregation
• adverse reactions/SE of ASA -✓✓gastric irritation (if its a COx-1
inhibitor)
tinnitus (CN VIII) ***
vertigo
bronchospasm ***
urticaria
• who is ASA contraindicated in? -✓✓children < 19
