NSG 552 Psychopharmacology Exam 1 - Modules 1-3
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST AND
COMPREHENSIVE VERSION WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS WITH INSTANT PDF
DOWNLOAD
Pharmacokinetics
Studies how the body acts on the drug
Pharmacodynamics
Studies how the drug acts on the body
First-generation antipsychotic
- first developed in the 1950s, first available treatment for psychosis
- aka typical antipsychotics
- increased risk for EPS, Tardive dyskinesia
- d2 blocker
- Currently 11 FDA-approved and commerically available FGAs
- Most common differences between individual FGAs are their potency and side effects
- examples include Thorazine (chlorpromazine), Haldol (haloperidol), Prolixin (fluphenazine),
perphenazine (Trilafon
,Second-generation antipsychotic
- examples include Abilify (aripiprazole), Seroquel (quetiapine), Zyprexa (olanzapine), Risperdal
(risperidone), Clozaril (clozapine)
- lower risk of EPS symptoms compared to 1st gen
- higher risk of metabolic side effects
- serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists
- AKA atypical antipsychotics
EPS
Involuntary movements that occur as a side effect to certina medications. AKA drug induced
movement disorder. May include tardive dyskinesia, dystonic reactions, parkinsons-like
symptoms, akathesia, NMD, akinesia
- Can be acute or chronic
- related to suppression of D2 dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway
Tardive dyskinesia
- characterized by involuntary movments in the face and body
- often induced by long-term use of anitpsychotic drugs
- can be associated with use of other medication types (antidepressants, lithium,
antihistamines)
- more common with 1st gen antipsychotics
- movements may include: writhing, mouth puckering, tongue rolling, lip smacking, pill rolling,
tongue protrusion
,Upregulation
Refers to the activiation of the nervous system. Is the process by which a cell increases its
response to a subtance or signal from outside the cell to carry out a specific response
downregulation
Refers to state of calm/relation within nervous system. Characterized by a decreased response
by a cell to a molecule or neurotransmitter.
Receptor Profiles
FGA - Primarily D2 antagonism. Also antagonize M2, H1, and a1 receptors
SGA - 5-HT2A & D2 antagonism. Rapid D2 dissociation. 5HT2A agonism. Also antagonizes M2,
H1, 5HT2C, and a1 receptors
Binding
When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a receiving cell, it causes ion channels to open
or close.
Affinity
The property of a drug that describes its ability to bind to a receptor
Constant
Unique for each drug-receptor pair as it is dependent on each of their structures
, CYP450
- membrane-bound hemoproteins that play a pivotal role in the detoxification of xenobiotics,
cellular metabolism, and homeostatis
-Inhibitition or induction of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism underlying drug-drug
interactions
- A CYP450 inhibitor prevents or reduces work by CYP450 enzymes = decreased drug
metabolism and increased risk for toxicity
- A CYP450 inducer increases rate of hepatic metabolism = decreased serum concentation of
other drugs metabolized by the same hepatic isoenzyme
Grapefruit juice is an inhibtior, which can increase serum levels of certain drugs
Dopamine Pathways
- mesolimbic (positive sx)
- mesocortical (negative sx)
- nigrostriatal (EPS)
- tuberoinfundibular (prolactin)
Metabolic Syndrome
cluster of conditions that incerase risk for T2DM and cardiovascular disease (obesity, HTN, high
triglycerides, low HDL, insulin resistance)
-increased risk for metabolic syndrome found with some antipsychotic medications, primarily
SGA
High Potency vs Low Potency
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST AND
COMPREHENSIVE VERSION WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS WITH INSTANT PDF
DOWNLOAD
Pharmacokinetics
Studies how the body acts on the drug
Pharmacodynamics
Studies how the drug acts on the body
First-generation antipsychotic
- first developed in the 1950s, first available treatment for psychosis
- aka typical antipsychotics
- increased risk for EPS, Tardive dyskinesia
- d2 blocker
- Currently 11 FDA-approved and commerically available FGAs
- Most common differences between individual FGAs are their potency and side effects
- examples include Thorazine (chlorpromazine), Haldol (haloperidol), Prolixin (fluphenazine),
perphenazine (Trilafon
,Second-generation antipsychotic
- examples include Abilify (aripiprazole), Seroquel (quetiapine), Zyprexa (olanzapine), Risperdal
(risperidone), Clozaril (clozapine)
- lower risk of EPS symptoms compared to 1st gen
- higher risk of metabolic side effects
- serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists
- AKA atypical antipsychotics
EPS
Involuntary movements that occur as a side effect to certina medications. AKA drug induced
movement disorder. May include tardive dyskinesia, dystonic reactions, parkinsons-like
symptoms, akathesia, NMD, akinesia
- Can be acute or chronic
- related to suppression of D2 dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway
Tardive dyskinesia
- characterized by involuntary movments in the face and body
- often induced by long-term use of anitpsychotic drugs
- can be associated with use of other medication types (antidepressants, lithium,
antihistamines)
- more common with 1st gen antipsychotics
- movements may include: writhing, mouth puckering, tongue rolling, lip smacking, pill rolling,
tongue protrusion
,Upregulation
Refers to the activiation of the nervous system. Is the process by which a cell increases its
response to a subtance or signal from outside the cell to carry out a specific response
downregulation
Refers to state of calm/relation within nervous system. Characterized by a decreased response
by a cell to a molecule or neurotransmitter.
Receptor Profiles
FGA - Primarily D2 antagonism. Also antagonize M2, H1, and a1 receptors
SGA - 5-HT2A & D2 antagonism. Rapid D2 dissociation. 5HT2A agonism. Also antagonizes M2,
H1, 5HT2C, and a1 receptors
Binding
When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a receiving cell, it causes ion channels to open
or close.
Affinity
The property of a drug that describes its ability to bind to a receptor
Constant
Unique for each drug-receptor pair as it is dependent on each of their structures
, CYP450
- membrane-bound hemoproteins that play a pivotal role in the detoxification of xenobiotics,
cellular metabolism, and homeostatis
-Inhibitition or induction of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism underlying drug-drug
interactions
- A CYP450 inhibitor prevents or reduces work by CYP450 enzymes = decreased drug
metabolism and increased risk for toxicity
- A CYP450 inducer increases rate of hepatic metabolism = decreased serum concentation of
other drugs metabolized by the same hepatic isoenzyme
Grapefruit juice is an inhibtior, which can increase serum levels of certain drugs
Dopamine Pathways
- mesolimbic (positive sx)
- mesocortical (negative sx)
- nigrostriatal (EPS)
- tuberoinfundibular (prolactin)
Metabolic Syndrome
cluster of conditions that incerase risk for T2DM and cardiovascular disease (obesity, HTN, high
triglycerides, low HDL, insulin resistance)
-increased risk for metabolic syndrome found with some antipsychotic medications, primarily
SGA
High Potency vs Low Potency
