PSY 1012 Final Exam Review
Chapter 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity
1. Identify common barriers to problem solving.
1. Emotional Barriers: Inhibition and fear of making a fool out of oneself
2. Cultural Barriers: values that hold that fantasy is a waste of time;
playfulness is for children only; reason, logic, & numbers are good.
3. Learned Barriers: Conventions about uses, meanings,
possibilities, and taboos
4. Personal Barriers: Habits leading to failure to identify important
elements of a problem (Pg. 276)
Chapter 9: Intelligence
1. Who developed the first intelligence test and for what purpose?
Who: Alfred Binet
Why: Wanted to find a way to distinguish slower students from the more
capable. (pg. 290)
2. Identify average, below average, and gifted intelligence quotients.
Average: 90-109
Below Average: 70 & Below
Gifted: Above 130
3. Briefly describe different types of intellectual disability (retardation).
Mild(55-70), Moderate(40-55), Severe(25-40), Profound(Below 25)
Educational Classification: Educable, Trainable, Dependent,
Life-Support Required Level of Support: Intermediate, Limited,
Extensive, Pervasive
4. Identify the causes of intellectual disability.
~30-40% of cases, no known biological problem can be identified.
1.) Familial Intellectual Disability: Occurs mostly in very poor households
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, Reviewed April 2021
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, where nutrition, intellectual stimulation, medical care & emotional
support may be inadequate
2.) Metabolic Disorders: affect energy production & use in the body.
3.) Genetic Abnormalities: Missing genes, Extra genes, & Defective genes
4.) Malnutrition & Exposure to Lead, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
& other toxins early in childhood can also cause organic intellectual
disability.
5. ) Down Syndrome: extra 21 chromosome. Causes moderate to
severe intellectual disability & a shortened life expectancy of
around 49 years.
6.) Fragile X Syndrome: hereditary; the problem is related to a
thin fragile looking area on the x chromosome. Boys are more
often affected ( 1 out of 5000).
7.) Phenylketonuria (PKU): plagues children who lack an important
enzyme. This causes phenylpyruvic acid ( a destructive chemical)
to collect within their bodies.
8.) Microcephaly: "small headedness" The microcephalic person
suffers a rare abnormality in which the skull is extremely small or
fails to grow.
9.) Hydrocephaly: "Water on the brain" caused by a buildup of
cerebrospinal fluid within brain cavities
10.)Congenital Hypothyroidism: Appears in infancy. Results from
an insufficient supply of thyroid hormone. Iodized salt has made
this source of intellectual disability rare in developed nations.
5. Explain the difference in wisdom and intelligence.
Intelligence reflects development as well as potential, nurture, as well as
nature. Partly determined by heredity.
Wisdom: represents a mixture of convergent thinking, intelligence, and
reason; spiced with creativity & originality
Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
1. What is motivation?
messages.downloaded_
Chapter 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity
1. Identify common barriers to problem solving.
1. Emotional Barriers: Inhibition and fear of making a fool out of oneself
2. Cultural Barriers: values that hold that fantasy is a waste of time;
playfulness is for children only; reason, logic, & numbers are good.
3. Learned Barriers: Conventions about uses, meanings,
possibilities, and taboos
4. Personal Barriers: Habits leading to failure to identify important
elements of a problem (Pg. 276)
Chapter 9: Intelligence
1. Who developed the first intelligence test and for what purpose?
Who: Alfred Binet
Why: Wanted to find a way to distinguish slower students from the more
capable. (pg. 290)
2. Identify average, below average, and gifted intelligence quotients.
Average: 90-109
Below Average: 70 & Below
Gifted: Above 130
3. Briefly describe different types of intellectual disability (retardation).
Mild(55-70), Moderate(40-55), Severe(25-40), Profound(Below 25)
Educational Classification: Educable, Trainable, Dependent,
Life-Support Required Level of Support: Intermediate, Limited,
Extensive, Pervasive
4. Identify the causes of intellectual disability.
~30-40% of cases, no known biological problem can be identified.
1.) Familial Intellectual Disability: Occurs mostly in very poor households
messages.downloaded_
, Reviewed April 2021
messages.downloaded_
, where nutrition, intellectual stimulation, medical care & emotional
support may be inadequate
2.) Metabolic Disorders: affect energy production & use in the body.
3.) Genetic Abnormalities: Missing genes, Extra genes, & Defective genes
4.) Malnutrition & Exposure to Lead, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
& other toxins early in childhood can also cause organic intellectual
disability.
5. ) Down Syndrome: extra 21 chromosome. Causes moderate to
severe intellectual disability & a shortened life expectancy of
around 49 years.
6.) Fragile X Syndrome: hereditary; the problem is related to a
thin fragile looking area on the x chromosome. Boys are more
often affected ( 1 out of 5000).
7.) Phenylketonuria (PKU): plagues children who lack an important
enzyme. This causes phenylpyruvic acid ( a destructive chemical)
to collect within their bodies.
8.) Microcephaly: "small headedness" The microcephalic person
suffers a rare abnormality in which the skull is extremely small or
fails to grow.
9.) Hydrocephaly: "Water on the brain" caused by a buildup of
cerebrospinal fluid within brain cavities
10.)Congenital Hypothyroidism: Appears in infancy. Results from
an insufficient supply of thyroid hormone. Iodized salt has made
this source of intellectual disability rare in developed nations.
5. Explain the difference in wisdom and intelligence.
Intelligence reflects development as well as potential, nurture, as well as
nature. Partly determined by heredity.
Wisdom: represents a mixture of convergent thinking, intelligence, and
reason; spiced with creativity & originality
Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
1. What is motivation?
messages.downloaded_
