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The Biologic Basis for Disease in
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L Adults and Children 8th Edition-
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a comprehensive study guide-
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2022
Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether
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,Contents
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ...................................................................................................................... 4
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Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents..................................................... 18
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Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases ......................................... 31
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Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases ................................................................................................. 44
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Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases ........................................................... 55
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Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease ....................................................................................................... 63
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Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing .............................................................. 68
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Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity .............................................................................................................. 83
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Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation ............................................................................ 95
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Chapter 10: Infection ............................................................................................................................ 108
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Chapter 11: Stress and Disease.............................................................................................................. 117
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Chapter 12: Cancer Biology ................................................................................................................... 124
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Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology.......................................................................................................... 137
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Chapter 14: Cancer in Children .............................................................................................................. 143
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Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System................................................................. 148
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Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function................................................. 159
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Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function ................... 174
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Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
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. .........................................................................................................................................................188
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders ............................... 199
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Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children ..................................................................... 206
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Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................. 213
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Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................... 222
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Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition ...................................................................................... 234
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Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems............................................................ 239
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Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System ................................................................... 249
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Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ...................................................................... 259
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Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections .......................................................................................... 265
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Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System .............................................................. 273
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Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function ........................................... 283
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,Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function ................................................................. 293
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Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children .................................................................. 300
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Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems ................................... 311
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Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ................................................................................ 324
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Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children ............................................................... 338
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Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System................................................................. 346
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Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ...................................................................................... 356
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Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children ..................................................................... 373
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Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems.................................................... 381
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Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function ................................................................... 391
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Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children .................................................. 401
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Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System ................................................................... 409
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Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function......................................................................................... 421
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Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children........................................................................ 432
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Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System......................................................... 441
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Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function .............................................................................. 453
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Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children ............................................................. 466
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Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument .......................................................... 475
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Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children ............................................................................ 486
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Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults ....................................... 494
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Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children.................................... 502
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, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE L
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. L L L
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. L L L L
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. L L L L L L
d. Cells can synthesize fats. L L L
ANS: C L
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
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surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
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absorption.
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PTS: L L 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering L L
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C L
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
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the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
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activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
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Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
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as the intracellular digestive system.
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3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
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L hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B L