KINS 4400 Actual Final EXAM 1 Questions
And CORRECT Answers
Ergogenic aid - CORRECT ANSWER Substances and phenomena that enhance athletic
performance
What are some suggested ergogenic aids? - CORRECT ANSWER Human growth hormone, Blood
doping, Platelet rich plasma, Hypnosis, Cupping
What are the categories of ergogenic aids? - CORRECT ANSWER Drugs, nutrition, equipment,
and psychology
What are whole body cryosuana? - CORRECT ANSWER Basically this cold sauna that athletes
use
What is the purpose of the whole body cryosauna? - CORRECT ANSWER To perform faster or
recover faster
What are the four considerations with ergogenic aids? - CORRECT ANSWER Safe, Legal, Ethical,
Effective
Describe Costello 2012 study on cryosauna? - CORRECT ANSWER Looked at cryosauna and
maximal voluntary isometric contraction and peak power output
36 people randomized to -166 or +59 F
Conclusion: Whole body cryotherapy did not effect maximal voluntary isometric contraction or peak
power output
Describe the Summers 2014 study.? - CORRECT ANSWER Conclusion from 8 studies: The
current evidence for the efficacy of WBC on exercise recovery is unclear
,Describe the Costello 2016 study? - CORRECT ANSWER Conclusion from 4 best studies: The
evidence does not support the hypothesis that WBC reduces soreness or improve subjective
recovery.
Which two US olympic athletes used the cryosauna therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Mo Farah
and Galen Rupp
Which athlete used cupping in the US olympics? - CORRECT ANSWER Michael Phelps
What are the NON-SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER Non-
Scientific Ways of Effectiveness / Types of Evidence
1. Intuition
2. Personal experience
3. Testimonial
4. Group majority opinion/behavior
5. Opinion of experts
What is intuition? - CORRECT ANSWER Gut feeling
Whos is Egas Moniz? - CORRECT ANSWER He is the one who developed lobotomy to treat
schizophrenia. He claimed it worked. Won the 1949 Nobel Prize for it.
Only 9 individuals in his study.
Described the Lerner 2005 study? - CORRECT ANSWER Looked at lobotomy and discovered
that it does not treat anything and is actually harmful.
What does Egas Moniz and lobotomy have to do with the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT
ANSWER It is an example of the non-scientific way of knowing effectiveness, specifically
opinions of experts. He was a neurologist and people believed his claims were true since he was an
expert.
, What is an example of testimonial? - CORRECT ANSWER Tom Brady stating that the
chiropractor keeps him one step ahead of the game
What did the Minors 2010 study show? - CORRECT ANSWER Conclusion based on evidence:
There is insufficient evidence that chiropractor treatment improves sport performance
What are the SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Describe
2. Predict
3. Explain
4. Accumulate the evidence
Explain "Describe" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT
ANSWER Describe - Observed case or group - stimulates thinking
Careful observations
Explain "Predict" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER Predict -
Correlational studies - Yields an estimate of the magnitude of the association, quantified by effect
size r
Explain "Explain" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER Explain -
Experiments - Can rule out alternative explanations for correlations and yields estimates of the
magnitude an effect, quantified by a family of effect sizes including delta
Explain "Accumulate the evidence" in terms of ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT
ANSWER Accumulate the evidence - Narrative reviews by experts and quantitative reviews that
systematically summarizes all the effect sizes
What is an example of descriptive research in sport psychology? - CORRECT ANSWER Studying
the flow in sports
What did the Anderson 2014 study look at?W - CORRECT ANSWER They investigated the
optimal psychological state for peak performance in Australian elite athletes
And CORRECT Answers
Ergogenic aid - CORRECT ANSWER Substances and phenomena that enhance athletic
performance
What are some suggested ergogenic aids? - CORRECT ANSWER Human growth hormone, Blood
doping, Platelet rich plasma, Hypnosis, Cupping
What are the categories of ergogenic aids? - CORRECT ANSWER Drugs, nutrition, equipment,
and psychology
What are whole body cryosuana? - CORRECT ANSWER Basically this cold sauna that athletes
use
What is the purpose of the whole body cryosauna? - CORRECT ANSWER To perform faster or
recover faster
What are the four considerations with ergogenic aids? - CORRECT ANSWER Safe, Legal, Ethical,
Effective
Describe Costello 2012 study on cryosauna? - CORRECT ANSWER Looked at cryosauna and
maximal voluntary isometric contraction and peak power output
36 people randomized to -166 or +59 F
Conclusion: Whole body cryotherapy did not effect maximal voluntary isometric contraction or peak
power output
Describe the Summers 2014 study.? - CORRECT ANSWER Conclusion from 8 studies: The
current evidence for the efficacy of WBC on exercise recovery is unclear
,Describe the Costello 2016 study? - CORRECT ANSWER Conclusion from 4 best studies: The
evidence does not support the hypothesis that WBC reduces soreness or improve subjective
recovery.
Which two US olympic athletes used the cryosauna therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Mo Farah
and Galen Rupp
Which athlete used cupping in the US olympics? - CORRECT ANSWER Michael Phelps
What are the NON-SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER Non-
Scientific Ways of Effectiveness / Types of Evidence
1. Intuition
2. Personal experience
3. Testimonial
4. Group majority opinion/behavior
5. Opinion of experts
What is intuition? - CORRECT ANSWER Gut feeling
Whos is Egas Moniz? - CORRECT ANSWER He is the one who developed lobotomy to treat
schizophrenia. He claimed it worked. Won the 1949 Nobel Prize for it.
Only 9 individuals in his study.
Described the Lerner 2005 study? - CORRECT ANSWER Looked at lobotomy and discovered
that it does not treat anything and is actually harmful.
What does Egas Moniz and lobotomy have to do with the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT
ANSWER It is an example of the non-scientific way of knowing effectiveness, specifically
opinions of experts. He was a neurologist and people believed his claims were true since he was an
expert.
, What is an example of testimonial? - CORRECT ANSWER Tom Brady stating that the
chiropractor keeps him one step ahead of the game
What did the Minors 2010 study show? - CORRECT ANSWER Conclusion based on evidence:
There is insufficient evidence that chiropractor treatment improves sport performance
What are the SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Describe
2. Predict
3. Explain
4. Accumulate the evidence
Explain "Describe" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT
ANSWER Describe - Observed case or group - stimulates thinking
Careful observations
Explain "Predict" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER Predict -
Correlational studies - Yields an estimate of the magnitude of the association, quantified by effect
size r
Explain "Explain" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER Explain -
Experiments - Can rule out alternative explanations for correlations and yields estimates of the
magnitude an effect, quantified by a family of effect sizes including delta
Explain "Accumulate the evidence" in terms of ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT
ANSWER Accumulate the evidence - Narrative reviews by experts and quantitative reviews that
systematically summarizes all the effect sizes
What is an example of descriptive research in sport psychology? - CORRECT ANSWER Studying
the flow in sports
What did the Anderson 2014 study look at?W - CORRECT ANSWER They investigated the
optimal psychological state for peak performance in Australian elite athletes
