SPEECH LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY SLP PRAXIS
ACTUAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100 PERCENT CORRECT
◉ What does the loci of stuttering refer to? Answer: It refers to the
locations in a speech sequence where stuttering are typically
observed.
◉ What loci of stuttering are most likely to occur? Answer: With
consonants rather than vowels.
On first sound/word.
On longer words.
On less frequently used words.
On content words.
◉ What's the big difference between adults and preschoolers who
stutter in terms of when they stutter? Answer: Preschoolers stutter
more on function words because at that age, that's typically how
they start their sentences.
◉ What is the adaption effect in stuttering? Answer: Controlling the
stimulus can help promote fluency. Reading a passage over and over
,limits stuttering. Limiting the time between reading the passage also
limits stuttering. Silent reading does not help with adaption.
◉ What is the consistency effect in stuttering? Answer: It refers to
the occurrence of stuttering on the same words upon repeated
reading. The consistency effect is presumed to be an indicator of the
strength of the stimuli that evoke stuttering.
◉ What is the adjacency effect in stuttering? Answer: It refers to the
occurrence of new stuttering on words that surround previously
stuttered words. For example, have the individual read a passage,
then conceal the words they stutter on, and have them read it again.
They will most likely stutter on words that are adjacent to those
blotted out.
◉ What is the audience size effect in stuttering? Answer: It refers to
increased frequency of stuttering with an increase in audience size.
There is a marked decrease in stuttering when there is no audience
and when an individual is talking to themselves.
◉ What has research found in terms of people who stutter and their
families? Answer: There is no distinct personality related to
stuttering
They are not clinically maladjusted
They are not clinically anxious
,Their parents don't have any distinct personality traits, but may
exhibit somewhat higher standards of behavior and be somewhat
more critical, but not clinical significant.
◉ What is the genetic hypothesis of stuttering? Answer: There is a
higher prevalence in persons with persistent stuttering than in those
who recover from it. There is a well established gender ratio. Higher
concordance rate in identical vs fraternal twins. Some genes found
that are linked to stuttering, but no consensus. There is no evidence
for a simple inheritance, but its suggested that there may be some
genes that predispose you.
◉ What is the neurophysiological hypothesis of stuttering? Answer:
Basically states that people who stutter have an abnormal
neuromotor organization. Under this hypothesis is the laryngeal
dysfunction hypothesis, which states that there is something
aberrant with laryngeal functions.
◉ What evidence supports the laryngeal dysfunction hypothesis of
stuttering? Answer: slightly delayed voice onset time
increased tension in the laryngeal muscles
aberrant muscle behavior (simultaneous activation of adductors and
abductors)
excessive laryngeal muscle activity
, ◉ What evidence supports the notion that there is potential brain
dysfunction in people who stutter? Answer: They don't have a
dominant hemisphere which causes confused neuromotor control
Electrocephalographic studies show some abnormal brain waves
(but some don't. so weak evidence)
Central auditory function may be a factor. weak evidence.
Auditory feedback problems
◉ What is the stuttering as operant conditioning belief? Answer:
Believe that frequency of disfluencies may be reduced or altered by
consequences
◉ What is the stuttering as avoidance behavior belief? Answer:
Johnson. When disfluencies are punished, they develop anticipatory,
apprehensive and hypertonic avoidance reactions. Stutters are
normals but negative behaviors turn them into true stutters. This
theory is not supported though.
◉ What is the stuttering as approach-avoidance belief? Answer:
Sheehan. People want to approach speaking situations but have an
equally strong desire to avoid them. When the want to speak is
ACTUAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100 PERCENT CORRECT
◉ What does the loci of stuttering refer to? Answer: It refers to the
locations in a speech sequence where stuttering are typically
observed.
◉ What loci of stuttering are most likely to occur? Answer: With
consonants rather than vowels.
On first sound/word.
On longer words.
On less frequently used words.
On content words.
◉ What's the big difference between adults and preschoolers who
stutter in terms of when they stutter? Answer: Preschoolers stutter
more on function words because at that age, that's typically how
they start their sentences.
◉ What is the adaption effect in stuttering? Answer: Controlling the
stimulus can help promote fluency. Reading a passage over and over
,limits stuttering. Limiting the time between reading the passage also
limits stuttering. Silent reading does not help with adaption.
◉ What is the consistency effect in stuttering? Answer: It refers to
the occurrence of stuttering on the same words upon repeated
reading. The consistency effect is presumed to be an indicator of the
strength of the stimuli that evoke stuttering.
◉ What is the adjacency effect in stuttering? Answer: It refers to the
occurrence of new stuttering on words that surround previously
stuttered words. For example, have the individual read a passage,
then conceal the words they stutter on, and have them read it again.
They will most likely stutter on words that are adjacent to those
blotted out.
◉ What is the audience size effect in stuttering? Answer: It refers to
increased frequency of stuttering with an increase in audience size.
There is a marked decrease in stuttering when there is no audience
and when an individual is talking to themselves.
◉ What has research found in terms of people who stutter and their
families? Answer: There is no distinct personality related to
stuttering
They are not clinically maladjusted
They are not clinically anxious
,Their parents don't have any distinct personality traits, but may
exhibit somewhat higher standards of behavior and be somewhat
more critical, but not clinical significant.
◉ What is the genetic hypothesis of stuttering? Answer: There is a
higher prevalence in persons with persistent stuttering than in those
who recover from it. There is a well established gender ratio. Higher
concordance rate in identical vs fraternal twins. Some genes found
that are linked to stuttering, but no consensus. There is no evidence
for a simple inheritance, but its suggested that there may be some
genes that predispose you.
◉ What is the neurophysiological hypothesis of stuttering? Answer:
Basically states that people who stutter have an abnormal
neuromotor organization. Under this hypothesis is the laryngeal
dysfunction hypothesis, which states that there is something
aberrant with laryngeal functions.
◉ What evidence supports the laryngeal dysfunction hypothesis of
stuttering? Answer: slightly delayed voice onset time
increased tension in the laryngeal muscles
aberrant muscle behavior (simultaneous activation of adductors and
abductors)
excessive laryngeal muscle activity
, ◉ What evidence supports the notion that there is potential brain
dysfunction in people who stutter? Answer: They don't have a
dominant hemisphere which causes confused neuromotor control
Electrocephalographic studies show some abnormal brain waves
(but some don't. so weak evidence)
Central auditory function may be a factor. weak evidence.
Auditory feedback problems
◉ What is the stuttering as operant conditioning belief? Answer:
Believe that frequency of disfluencies may be reduced or altered by
consequences
◉ What is the stuttering as avoidance behavior belief? Answer:
Johnson. When disfluencies are punished, they develop anticipatory,
apprehensive and hypertonic avoidance reactions. Stutters are
normals but negative behaviors turn them into true stutters. This
theory is not supported though.
◉ What is the stuttering as approach-avoidance belief? Answer:
Sheehan. People want to approach speaking situations but have an
equally strong desire to avoid them. When the want to speak is
