Updated/Latest Adult Health 1 Exam 2 Chapters and 59 2025–2026 Comprehensive Nursing Exam Review Questions and Answers for Adult Health Medical Surgical Nursing Clinical Judgment Patient Care and NCLEX Success Study Resource

Adult Health 1 Exam 2: Chapters 23, 37, 42, 45, 46, & 59
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Chapter 23 Care of clients with skin problems is chapter 25 in this edition (9th)
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1. A nurse teaches a client who has very dry skin. Which statement should the nurse include in this
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client’s education? L




a. Use lots of moisturizer several times a day to minimize dryness.
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b. Take a cold shower instead of soaking in the bathtub.
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c. Use antimicrobial soap to avoid infection of cracked skin.
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d. After you bathe, put lotion on before your skin is totally dry.
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ANS: D The client should bathe in warm water for at least 20 minutes and then apply lotion immediately
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because this will keep the moisture in the skin. Just using moisturizer will not be as helpful because the
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moisturizer is not what rehydrates the skin; it is the water. Bathing in warm water will rehydrate skin
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more effectively than a cold shower, and antimicrobial soaps are actually more drying than other kinds of
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soap.


2. A nurse assesses clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client is at greatest risk for pressure
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ulcer development? L




a. A 44-year-old prescribed IV antibiotics for pneumonia
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b. A 26-year-old who is bedridden with a fractured leg
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c. A 65-year-old with hemi-paralysis and incontinence
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d. A 78-year-old requiring assistance to ambulate with a walker
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ANS: C Being immobile and being incontinent are two significant risk factors for the development of
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pressure ulcers. The client with pneumonia does not have specific risk factors. The young client who has a
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fractured leg and the client who needs assistance with ambulation might be at moderate risk if they do not
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move about much, but having two risk factors makes the 65-year-old the person at highest risk.
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3. When transferring a client into a chair, a nurse notices that the pressure-relieving mattress
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overlay has deep imprints of the client’s buttocks, heels, and scapulae. Which action should the
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nurse take next? L L




a. Turn the mattress overlay to the opposite side.
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b. Do nothing because this is an expected occurrence.
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c. Apply a different pressure-relieving device. L L L L



d. Reinforce the overlay with extra cushions. L L L L L




ANS: C Bottoming out, as evidenced by deep imprints in the mattress overlay, indicates that this device is
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not appropriate for this client, and a different device or strategy should be implemented to prevent
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pressure ulcer formation.
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, 4. A nurse cares for a client who has a deep wound that is being treated with a wet-to-damp
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dressing. Which intervention should the nurse include in this client’s plan of care? L L L L L L L L L L L L




a. Change the dressing every 6 hours. L L L L L



b. Assess the wound bed once a day. L L L L L L



c. Change the dressing when it is saturated. L L L L L L



d. Contact the provider when the dressing leaks. L L L L L L




ANS: A Wet-to-damp dressings are changed every 4 to 6 hours to provide maximum debridement. The
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wound should be assessed each time the dressing is changed. Dry gauze dressings should be changed
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when the outer layer becomes saturated. Synthetic dressings can be left in place for extended periods of
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time but need to be changed if the seal breaks and the exudate leaks.
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5. A nurse is caring for a client who has a pressure ulcer on the right ankle. Which action should
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the nurse take first? L L L




a. Draw blood for albumin, prealbumin, and total protein.
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b. Prepare for and assist with obtaining a wound culture. L L L L L L L L



c. Place the client in bed and instruct the client to elevate the foot.
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d. Assess the right leg for pulses, skin color, and temperature.
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ANS: D A client with an ulcer on the foot should be assessed for interruption in arterial flow to the area.
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This begins with the assessment of pulses and color and temperature of the skin. The nurse can also
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assess for pulses noninvasively with a Doppler flowmeter if unable to palpate with his or her fingers.
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Tests to determine nutritional status and risk assessment would be completed after the initial assessment
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is done. Wound cultures are done after it has been determined that drainage, odor, and other risks for
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infection are present. Elevation of the foot would impair the ability of arterial blood to flow to the area.
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6. After educating a caregiver of a home care client, a nurse assesses the caregivers understanding.
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Which statement indicates that the caregiver needs additional education?
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a. I can help him shift his position every hour when he sits in the chair.
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b. If his tailbone is red and tender in the morning, I will massage it with baby oil.
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c. Applying lotion to his arms and legs every evening will decrease dryness.L L L L L L L L L L L



d. Drinking a nutritional supplement between meals will help maintain his weight.
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ANS: B Massage of reddened areas over bony prominences such as the coccyx, or tailbone, is
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contraindicated because the pressure of the massage can cause damage to the skin and subcutaneous
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tissue layers. The other statements are appropriate for the care of a client at home.
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7. After teaching a client who is at risk for the formation of pressure ulcers, a nurse assesses the
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clients understanding. Which dietary choice by the client indicates a good understanding of the
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teaching?

, a. Low-fat diet with whole grains and cereals and vitamin supplements L L L L L L L L L



b. High-protein diet with vitamins and mineral supplements L L L L L L



c. Vegetarian diet with nutritional supplements and fish oil capsules L L L L L L L L



d. Low-fat, low-cholesterol, high-fiber, low-carbohydrate diet L L L L




ANS: B The preferred diet is high in protein to assist in wound healing and prevention of new wounds. Fat
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is also needed to ensure formation of cell membranes, so any of the options with low fat would not be
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good choices. A vegetarian diet would not provide fat and high levels of protein.
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8. A nurse assesses clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client should the nurse evaluate for a
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wound infection? L




a. Client with blood cultures pending L L L L



b. Client who has thin, serous wound drainage L L L L L L



c. Client with a white blood cell count of 23,000/mm3 L L L L L L L L



d. Client whose wound has decreased in size L L L L L L




ANS: C A client with an elevated white blood cell count should be evaluated for sources of infection.
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Pending cultures, thin drainage, and a decrease in wound size are not indications that the client may
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have an infection.
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9. A nurse who manages client placements prepares to place four clients on a medical-surgical
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unit. Which client should be placed in isolation awaiting possible diagnosis of infection with
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methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). L L




a. Client admitted from a nursing home with furuncles and folliculitis
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b. Client with a leg cut and other trauma from a motorcycle crash
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c. Client with a rash noticed after participating in sporting events
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d. Client transferred from intensive care with an elevated white blood cell count
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ANS: A The client in long-term care and other communal environments is at high risk for MRSA. The
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presence of furuncles and folliculitis is also an indication that MRSA may be present. A client with an
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open wound from a motorcycle crash would have the potential to develop MRSA, but no signs are
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visible at present. The rash following participation in a sporting event could be caused by several
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different things. A client with an elevated white blood cell count has the potential for infection but
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should be at lower risk for MRSA than the client admitted from the communal environment.
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10. After teaching a client how to care for a furuncle in the axilla, a nurse assesses the clients
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understanding. Which statement indicates the client correctly understands the teaching? L L L L L L L L L




a. Ill apply cortisone cream to reduce the inflammation.
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b. Ill apply a clean dressing after squeezing out the pus.
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c. Ill keep my arm down at my side to prevent spread.
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d. Ill cleanse the area prior to applying antibiotic cream.
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, ANS: D Cleansing and topical antibiotics can eliminate the infection. Warm compresses enhance comfort
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and open the lesion, allowing better penetration of the topical antibiotic. Cortisone cream reduces the
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inflammatory response but increases the infectious process. Squeezing the lesion may introduce
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infection to deeper tissues and cause cellulitis. Keeping the arm down increases moisture in the area and
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promotes bacterial growth. L L




11. A nurse assesses an older client who is scratching and rubbing white ridges on the skin between
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the fingers and on the wrists. Which action should the nurse take?
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a. Place the client in a single room. L L L L L L



b. Administer an antihistamine. L L



c. Assess the client’s airway. L L L



d. Apply gloves to minimize friction. L L L L




ANS: A The client’s presentation is most likely to be scabies, a contagious mite infestation. The client
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needs to be admitted to a single room and treated for the infestation. Secondary interventions may
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include medication to decrease the itching. This is not an allergic manifestation; therefore, antihistamine
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and airway assessments are not indicated. Gloves may decrease skin breakdown but would not address
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the client’s infectious disorder.
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12. A nurse assesses a client who has a chronic wound. The client states, I do not clean the wound
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and change the dressing every day because it costs too much for supplies. How should the nurse
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respond?

a. You can use tap water instead of sterile saline to clean your wound.
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b. If you don’t clean the wound properly, you could end up in the hospital.
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c. Sterile procedure is necessary to keep this wound from getting infected.
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d. Good hand hygiene is the only thing that really matters with wound care.
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ANS: A For chronic wounds in the home, clean tap water and nonsterile supplies are acceptable and serve
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as cheaper alternatives to sterile supplies. Of course, if the wound becomes grossly infected, the client
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may end up in the hospital, but this response does not provide any helpful information. Good
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handwashing is important, but it is not the only consideration. L L L L L L L L L




13. After teaching a client who has psoriasis, a nurse assesses the clients understanding. Which
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statement indicates the client needs additional teaching? L L L L L L




a. At the next family reunion, I’m going to ask my relatives if they have psoriasis.
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b. I have to make sure I keep my lesions covered, so I do not spread this to others.
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c. I expect that these patches will get smaller when I lie out in the sun.
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d. I should continue to use the cortisone ointment as the patches shrink and dry out.
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ANS: B Psoriasis is not a contagious disorder. The client does not have to worry about spreading the
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condition to others. It is a condition that has hereditary links, the patches will decrease in size with
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