Achieve confidence in NCLEX-style prep with this complete
nursing study pack. Compiled from student notes and practice
resources — not an official exam.
---
## 🏆 Fundamentals of Nursing Revision Notes – Complete
Prep | 2025/2026 Ultimate NCLEX-Style Study Guide
---
1. A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile dressing change for a client with a surgical wound. Which
action is essential to maintain sterility?
A. Open the sterile package away from the body.
B. Place the sterile field at waist level.
C. Avoid reaching over the sterile field.
D. All of the above.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: All of these actions are essential to maintain the integrity of a sterile field. Opening
the package away from the body, keeping the field at waist level, and not reaching over it are standard
principles of aseptic technique. This nursing exam prep question emphasizes the fundamentals of
infection control, a core concept in nursing study guides for student success.
2. A client is admitted with a fever and a productive cough. The nurse understands that which type of
precaution is most appropriate for this client?
A. Standard precautions.
B. Contact precautions.
C. Droplet precautions.
,D. Airborne precautions.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Droplet precautions are used for clients with infections that are transmitted through
large respiratory droplets, such as influenza, pneumonia, or pertussis. A productive cough is a key
indicator. This is a fundamental infection control question for nursing exam prep. "Cough + Fever =
Droplet" is a helpful mnemonic for student success.
3. A nurse is calculating the intake and output for a client over a 12-hour shift. The client received 1,000
mL of IV fluids, 300 mL of water, and 200 mL of ice chips. The client's urinary output was 1,200 mL. What
is the client's net fluid balance?
A. Positive 150 mL.
B. Positive 250 mL.
C. Negative 100 mL.
D. Positive 400 mL.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Calculate total intake: 1,000 mL (IV) + 300 mL (water) + 200 mL (ice chips = 100 mL
fluid) = 1,400 mL. Total output = 1,200 mL. Net balance = intake - output = 1,400 - 1,200 = +200 mL,
which is closest to +250 mL. Accurate calculation is crucial for nursing practice. "Ice melts to half" is a
helpful rule for nursing study guides.
4. A client is refusing a medication that the nurse believes is essential for their treatment. What is the
nurse's first action?
A. Administer the medication by injection.
B. Document the client's refusal.
C. Explore the client's reasons for refusing.
D. Notify the healthcare provider.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The nurse should first explore the client's reasons for refusing the medication. This
respects the client's autonomy and may reveal a misunderstanding that can be addressed. This is a key
ethical and communication skill in nursing practice. "Understand before you document" is a helpful
phrase for nursing exam prep.
,5. A client is receiving a continuous tube feeding via a nasogastric (NG) tube. The nurse checks the
gastric residual volume (GRV) and finds it to be 250 mL. What is the most appropriate nursing action?
A. Discard the residual and continue the feeding.
B. Re-instill the residual and continue the feeding.
C. Hold the feeding and recheck in 1 hour.
D. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: A GRV of 250 mL is at the upper limit of normal for many institutions (typically 200-
250 mL). The best action is to hold the feeding and recheck in 1 hour. This is a key safety protocol in
enteral nutrition. This is a vital topic in nursing study guides.
6. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection in the deltoid site. Which landmark
is used to locate this site?
A. The midpoint of the clavicle.
B. The anterior superior iliac spine.
C. The greater trochanter.
D. The acromion process.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The deltoid injection site is located by palpating the acromion process and the axilla.
The injection is given in the middle of the muscle, which is 2-3 fingerbreadths below the acromion
process. This is a key nursing skill for safe medication administration.
7. A client is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration. Which assessment finding is the priority?
A. Orthostatic hypotension.
B. Dry mucous membranes.
C. Decreased skin turgor.
D. Lethargy.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Lethargy is a sign of severe dehydration and neurological compromise. It indicates
that the body is unable to maintain adequate perfusion to the brain. This is a priority finding that
requires immediate intervention. The other options are signs of moderate dehydration.
, 8. A nurse is providing education to a client with type 2 diabetes about managing hypoglycemia. Which
statement by the client indicates an understanding?
A. "If I start to feel shaky, I should drink a glass of milk."
B. "I should carry a source of fast-acting sugar with me at all times."
C. "I can treat a low blood sugar by eating a candy bar."
D. "If my blood sugar is low, I should exercise to bring it up."
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: A fast-acting source of sugar, such as glucose tablets or juice, is needed to treat
hypoglycemia. Milk contains fat and protein, which slow absorption. A candy bar also contains fat.
Exercise would lower blood sugar further. This is a key teaching point for diabetes management.
9. A client is prescribed a 2-gram sodium diet. Which food should the nurse teach the client to avoid?
A. Fresh fruits.
B. Canned soups.
C. Whole-grain bread.
D. Unsalted popcorn.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Canned soups are high in sodium due to preservation and flavoring agents. Fresh
fruits, whole grains, and unsalted popcorn are lower in sodium. This is a fundamental dietary teaching
point for heart failure and hypertension.
10. A nurse is caring for a client who is on fall precautions. Which intervention is most important to
include in the client's care plan?
A. Keep the client's bed in the lowest position.
B. Place the call light within the client's reach.
C. Assist the client with ambulation.
D. All of the above.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D
nursing study pack. Compiled from student notes and practice
resources — not an official exam.
---
## 🏆 Fundamentals of Nursing Revision Notes – Complete
Prep | 2025/2026 Ultimate NCLEX-Style Study Guide
---
1. A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile dressing change for a client with a surgical wound. Which
action is essential to maintain sterility?
A. Open the sterile package away from the body.
B. Place the sterile field at waist level.
C. Avoid reaching over the sterile field.
D. All of the above.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: All of these actions are essential to maintain the integrity of a sterile field. Opening
the package away from the body, keeping the field at waist level, and not reaching over it are standard
principles of aseptic technique. This nursing exam prep question emphasizes the fundamentals of
infection control, a core concept in nursing study guides for student success.
2. A client is admitted with a fever and a productive cough. The nurse understands that which type of
precaution is most appropriate for this client?
A. Standard precautions.
B. Contact precautions.
C. Droplet precautions.
,D. Airborne precautions.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Droplet precautions are used for clients with infections that are transmitted through
large respiratory droplets, such as influenza, pneumonia, or pertussis. A productive cough is a key
indicator. This is a fundamental infection control question for nursing exam prep. "Cough + Fever =
Droplet" is a helpful mnemonic for student success.
3. A nurse is calculating the intake and output for a client over a 12-hour shift. The client received 1,000
mL of IV fluids, 300 mL of water, and 200 mL of ice chips. The client's urinary output was 1,200 mL. What
is the client's net fluid balance?
A. Positive 150 mL.
B. Positive 250 mL.
C. Negative 100 mL.
D. Positive 400 mL.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Calculate total intake: 1,000 mL (IV) + 300 mL (water) + 200 mL (ice chips = 100 mL
fluid) = 1,400 mL. Total output = 1,200 mL. Net balance = intake - output = 1,400 - 1,200 = +200 mL,
which is closest to +250 mL. Accurate calculation is crucial for nursing practice. "Ice melts to half" is a
helpful rule for nursing study guides.
4. A client is refusing a medication that the nurse believes is essential for their treatment. What is the
nurse's first action?
A. Administer the medication by injection.
B. Document the client's refusal.
C. Explore the client's reasons for refusing.
D. Notify the healthcare provider.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The nurse should first explore the client's reasons for refusing the medication. This
respects the client's autonomy and may reveal a misunderstanding that can be addressed. This is a key
ethical and communication skill in nursing practice. "Understand before you document" is a helpful
phrase for nursing exam prep.
,5. A client is receiving a continuous tube feeding via a nasogastric (NG) tube. The nurse checks the
gastric residual volume (GRV) and finds it to be 250 mL. What is the most appropriate nursing action?
A. Discard the residual and continue the feeding.
B. Re-instill the residual and continue the feeding.
C. Hold the feeding and recheck in 1 hour.
D. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: A GRV of 250 mL is at the upper limit of normal for many institutions (typically 200-
250 mL). The best action is to hold the feeding and recheck in 1 hour. This is a key safety protocol in
enteral nutrition. This is a vital topic in nursing study guides.
6. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection in the deltoid site. Which landmark
is used to locate this site?
A. The midpoint of the clavicle.
B. The anterior superior iliac spine.
C. The greater trochanter.
D. The acromion process.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The deltoid injection site is located by palpating the acromion process and the axilla.
The injection is given in the middle of the muscle, which is 2-3 fingerbreadths below the acromion
process. This is a key nursing skill for safe medication administration.
7. A client is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration. Which assessment finding is the priority?
A. Orthostatic hypotension.
B. Dry mucous membranes.
C. Decreased skin turgor.
D. Lethargy.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Lethargy is a sign of severe dehydration and neurological compromise. It indicates
that the body is unable to maintain adequate perfusion to the brain. This is a priority finding that
requires immediate intervention. The other options are signs of moderate dehydration.
, 8. A nurse is providing education to a client with type 2 diabetes about managing hypoglycemia. Which
statement by the client indicates an understanding?
A. "If I start to feel shaky, I should drink a glass of milk."
B. "I should carry a source of fast-acting sugar with me at all times."
C. "I can treat a low blood sugar by eating a candy bar."
D. "If my blood sugar is low, I should exercise to bring it up."
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: A fast-acting source of sugar, such as glucose tablets or juice, is needed to treat
hypoglycemia. Milk contains fat and protein, which slow absorption. A candy bar also contains fat.
Exercise would lower blood sugar further. This is a key teaching point for diabetes management.
9. A client is prescribed a 2-gram sodium diet. Which food should the nurse teach the client to avoid?
A. Fresh fruits.
B. Canned soups.
C. Whole-grain bread.
D. Unsalted popcorn.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Canned soups are high in sodium due to preservation and flavoring agents. Fresh
fruits, whole grains, and unsalted popcorn are lower in sodium. This is a fundamental dietary teaching
point for heart failure and hypertension.
10. A nurse is caring for a client who is on fall precautions. Which intervention is most important to
include in the client's care plan?
A. Keep the client's bed in the lowest position.
B. Place the call light within the client's reach.
C. Assist the client with ambulation.
D. All of the above.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D
