Galen NUR 242 Exam 2 2026–2027 | 250+ Exam Questions and Answers | Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances, Acid-Base Disorders, Hyperkalemia, Hyponatremia, Calcium Disorders & Med-Surg Nursing

This Galen NUR 242 Exam 2 Medical-Surgical Nursing 2026–2027 study guide contains more than 250 comprehensive exam questions, answers, clinical concepts, laboratory interpretations, nursing interventions, and patient-care priorities focused on fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base disorders, and medical-surgical nursing management. Designed specifically for Galen College of Nursing students enrolled in NUR 242, this resource supports success on Exam 2, ATI assessments, NCLEX-RN preparation, HESI examinations, and clinical competency evaluations through high-yield review content and application-based learning. The material provides extensive coverage of fluid volume excess and fluid volume deficit, including causes, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, nursing assessments, complications, pharmacological treatments, and evidence-based interventions. Students will review fluid overload associated with heart failure, renal disease, SIADH, corticosteroid therapy, and water intoxication, as well as dehydration resulting from gastrointestinal losses, inadequate intake, trauma, burns, excessive diuretic use, and fluid shifts. Special emphasis is placed on monitoring intake and output, daily weights, serum osmolality, urine specific gravity, hemodynamic status, and early recognition of hypovolemic shock and pulmonary edema. A major focus of this study guide is electrolyte imbalance management, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium disorders. Students will develop mastery of hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, hypermagnesemia, and hypomagnesemia through detailed review of causes, assessment findings, ECG changes, laboratory interpretation, medication administration, dietary modifications, and nursing priorities. Key concepts include peaked T waves, prolonged QT intervals, Chvostek's sign, Trousseau's sign, digoxin toxicity risks, seizure precautions, cardiac monitoring, calcium gluconate administration, potassium replacement therapy, and management of life-threatening electrolyte abnormalities commonly tested in nursing examinations. The resource also delivers comprehensive instruction on acid-base balance and arterial blood gas (ABG) interpretation. Students will review metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis, including underlying pathophysiology, compensatory mechanisms, laboratory findings, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and evidence-based treatment strategies. High-yield concepts include diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), lactic acidosis, COPD-related respiratory acidosis, hyperventilation syndromes, vomiting-induced alkalosis, NG suction complications, bicarbonate administration, ventilatory management, seizure precautions, and recognition of respiratory failure. The study material emphasizes clinical judgment, nursing prioritization, patient safety, pharmacological management, laboratory interpretation, and NCLEX-style decision-making. Through focused review of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders, students strengthen their ability to identify abnormal assessment findings, recognize medical emergencies, implement timely interventions, and provide evidence-based nursing care across acute care, medical-surgical, emergency, and critical care settings. The question-and-answer format promotes active recall, knowledge retention, and examination readiness while reinforcing essential nursing concepts required for academic and clinical success. Academic References: Harding MM, Kwong J, Roberts D, Hagler D, Reinisch C. Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Elsevier. Hinkle JL, Cheever KH. Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. Wolters Kluwer. Ignatavicius DD, Workman ML, Rebar CR. Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care. Elsevier. ATI Nursing Education. Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Review Module. Lilley LL, Collins SR, Snyder JS. Pharmacology and the Nursing Process. Elsevier. American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN). Essentials of Critical Care Nursing. National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). NCLEX-RN Test Plan. Relevant Students: Galen College of Nursing NUR 242 Students Medical-Surgical Nursing Students Associate Degree Nursing (ADN) Students Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Students Registered Nursing (RN) Students NCLEX-RN Candidates ATI Examination Candidates HESI Examination Candidates Adult Health Nursing Students Critical Care Nursing Students Telemetry Nursing Students Emergency Nursing Students Acute Care Nursing Students Clinical Nursing Students Nursing Bridge Program Students Nurse Residency Program Participants Keywords Galen NUR 242 Exam 2, NUR 242 Med Surg Nursing, Galen nursing exam questions, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, fluid overload, dehydration nursing care, fluid volume excess, fluid volume deficit, serum osmolality, urine specific gravity, SIADH nursing, hypovolemic shock, pulmonary edema, electrolyte disorders, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, hypermagnesemia, hypomagnesemia, potassium imbalance, sodium imbalance, calcium disorders, magnesium disorders, Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign, ECG changes electrolyte imbalance, cardiac monitoring, calcium gluconate, potassium chloride, digoxin toxicity, acid base balance, ABG interpretation, metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, DKA nursing care, COPD respiratory acidosis, seizure precautions, nursing interventions, laboratory values nursing, critical care nursing, ATI Med Surg review, HESI nursing exam, NCLEX fluid and electrolytes, nursing pharmacology, clinical judgment nursing, medical surgical nursing review