NSG-316 Final Exam verified with correct answers 2026/2027 version
ethnic differences in the lips- answer>>>black people may have blue lips and a dark line
on the gingival margin
GI system changes in the aging adult- answer>>>-salivation decreases
-dec sense of taste
-delayed esophageal emptying and gastric acid secretion
-dec liver size (normal liver functions)
-dec drug metabolism
-frequent constipation
borborygmus- answer>>>hyperactive bowel sounds
melena can be caused by- answer>>>taking iron meds
bright red blood in the stool may be due to- answer>>>hemorrhoids
developmental changes in men- answer>>>-testosterone decreases
-pubic hair and penis size dec
-testes dec in size/less firm
2 main causes of end stage renal disease- answer>>>HTN and diabetes
true incontinence- answer>>>loss of urine without warning
urgency incontinence- answer>>>sudden loss of urine, strong sensation and urge
joints- answer>>>Areas where two or more bones join together
flexion- answer>>>bending a joint
extension- answer>>>Straightening of a joint
abduction- answer>>>Movement away from the midline of the body
adduction- answer>>>Movement toward the midline of the body
pronation- answer>>>turning the palm downward
supination- answer>>>movement that turns the palm up
circumduction- answer>>>moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
inversion- answer>>>moves the sole of the foot inward
, eversion- answer>>>turning the sole of the foot outward
rotation- answer>>>moving the head around a central axis
protraction- answer>>>Moving a part forward
retraction- answer>>>moving a part backward
elevation- answer>>>raising a body part
depression- answer>>>lowering a body part
where can the spinous processes of C7 and T1 be found- answer>>>at base of neck
musculoskeletal changes in the aging adult- answer>>>-bone resorption inc and
deposition dec after 40
-dec height/kyphosis
-loss of SQ fat
-marked bony prominences
scale for muscle testing- answer>>>5: full ROM and resistance (normal)
4: full ROM and some resistance
3: full ROM with gravity
2: full ROM with no gravity (eliminated)
1: slight contraction
0: no contraction
the Denver II test is used to- answer>>>screen fine and gross motor skills for children
normal time for get up and go test- answer>>><10 secs in >60yrs
get up and go test measures- answer>>>mobility and stability
inflammatory conditions- answer>>>Rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
degenerative conditions- answer>>>osteoarthritis and osteoporosis
rheumatoid arthritis- answer>>>chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder where
there's destruction of lining of the joints. can cause deformities. pain experienced when
waking up
osteoarthritis- answer>>>caused by wear and tear. cartilage destruction. bone on bone
osteoporosis- answer>>>bone becomes thin and brittle
ethnic differences in the lips- answer>>>black people may have blue lips and a dark line
on the gingival margin
GI system changes in the aging adult- answer>>>-salivation decreases
-dec sense of taste
-delayed esophageal emptying and gastric acid secretion
-dec liver size (normal liver functions)
-dec drug metabolism
-frequent constipation
borborygmus- answer>>>hyperactive bowel sounds
melena can be caused by- answer>>>taking iron meds
bright red blood in the stool may be due to- answer>>>hemorrhoids
developmental changes in men- answer>>>-testosterone decreases
-pubic hair and penis size dec
-testes dec in size/less firm
2 main causes of end stage renal disease- answer>>>HTN and diabetes
true incontinence- answer>>>loss of urine without warning
urgency incontinence- answer>>>sudden loss of urine, strong sensation and urge
joints- answer>>>Areas where two or more bones join together
flexion- answer>>>bending a joint
extension- answer>>>Straightening of a joint
abduction- answer>>>Movement away from the midline of the body
adduction- answer>>>Movement toward the midline of the body
pronation- answer>>>turning the palm downward
supination- answer>>>movement that turns the palm up
circumduction- answer>>>moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
inversion- answer>>>moves the sole of the foot inward
, eversion- answer>>>turning the sole of the foot outward
rotation- answer>>>moving the head around a central axis
protraction- answer>>>Moving a part forward
retraction- answer>>>moving a part backward
elevation- answer>>>raising a body part
depression- answer>>>lowering a body part
where can the spinous processes of C7 and T1 be found- answer>>>at base of neck
musculoskeletal changes in the aging adult- answer>>>-bone resorption inc and
deposition dec after 40
-dec height/kyphosis
-loss of SQ fat
-marked bony prominences
scale for muscle testing- answer>>>5: full ROM and resistance (normal)
4: full ROM and some resistance
3: full ROM with gravity
2: full ROM with no gravity (eliminated)
1: slight contraction
0: no contraction
the Denver II test is used to- answer>>>screen fine and gross motor skills for children
normal time for get up and go test- answer>>><10 secs in >60yrs
get up and go test measures- answer>>>mobility and stability
inflammatory conditions- answer>>>Rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
degenerative conditions- answer>>>osteoarthritis and osteoporosis
rheumatoid arthritis- answer>>>chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder where
there's destruction of lining of the joints. can cause deformities. pain experienced when
waking up
osteoarthritis- answer>>>caused by wear and tear. cartilage destruction. bone on bone
osteoporosis- answer>>>bone becomes thin and brittle
