Hesi Med Surg III Final Exam Questions and
Answers (Verified Answers)
1. A 1st degree burn is characterized by:
A) Blisters present with weeping fluid
B) Full thickness destruction requiring skin grafting
C) Injury to the epidermis, pink/red, dry, painful, no blisters
D) Destruction of dermis and epidermis with eschar
Answer: C
2. A 2nd degree burn involves:
A) Total destruction of dermis and epidermis
B) Destruction of epidermis and upper layers of dermis, blisters present
C) Injury only to the epidermis with no blisters
D) Painless wound with dry leathery appearance
Answer: B
3. A 3rd degree burn is characterized by:
A) Painful, blistered wound with capillary refill
B) Pink or red skin with slight edema
C) Full thickness destruction, painless, requires skin grafting
D) Superficial injury to epidermis only
Answer: C
4. A client diagnosed with a rectal mass requires bowel preparation for surgery.
Which nursing intervention is contraindicated if the patient has bowel obstruction?
A) NPO status
B) IV fluids
,C) Bowel cleansing
D) NG tube insertion
Answer: C
5. Absence of bowel sounds indicates:
A) Bowel obstruction
B) Paralytic ileus
C) Diverticulitis
D) Crohn's disease
Answer: B
6. Alpha-glucose inhibitors lower blood glucose by:
A) Stimulating beta cells to release insulin
B) Inhibiting hepatic glucose production
C) Blunting sugar levels after meals
D) Increasing sensitivity of peripheral tissue to insulin
Answer: C
7. The action of antacids in treating peptic ulcers is:
A) Stimulating mucosal healing
B) Blocking histamine receptors
C) Neutralizing or reducing acidity of stomach contents
D) Inhibiting proton pump activity
Answer: C
8. Biguanides lower serum glucose by:
A) Stimulating beta cells to release insulin
,B) Inhibiting hepatic glucose production and increasing peripheral sensitivity to
insulin
C) Blunting post-meal glucose spikes
D) Blocking glucose absorption in the intestine
Answer: B
9. Histamine-2 antagonists are primarily used for:
A) Treatment of erosive esophagitis
B) Neutralizing stomach acid
C) Treatment and prophylaxis of peptic ulcers
D) Mucosal healing in GERD
Answer: C
10. PPIs are indicated for:
A) Neutralizing stomach acid directly
B) Prophylaxis of peptic ulcers
C) Treatment of erosive esophagitis associated with GERD
D) Stimulating pancreatic enzyme secretion
Answer: C
11. Sulfonylureas lower blood sugar by:
A) Inhibiting hepatic glucose production
B) Blunting postprandial glucose levels
C) Stimulating beta cell insulin release and promoting glucose uptake
D) Reducing intestinal glucose absorption
Answer: C
12. Acute pancreatitis is best described as:
A) Progressive dysfunction of the pancreas due to alcohol
, B) Digestion of the pancreas by its own enzymes, primarily trypsin
C) Bacterial inflammation of the pancreatic tissue
D) Obstruction of the pancreatic duct by gallstones
Answer: B
13. The acute phase of burn care (48–72 hours after injury) is characterized by:
A) Fluid shift from intravascular to interstitial and shock
B) Grafting and rehabilitation
C) Fluid shift from interstitial to intravascular with focus on infection control
D) Restoration of capillary permeability
Answer: C
14. Acute renal failure is defined as:
A) Progressive irreversible damage to nephrons
B) Abrupt deterioration of the renal system
C) Chronic scarring of glomeruli
D) Obstruction of urine flow in the urinary tract
Answer: B
15. Addisonian crisis involves:
A) Excess cortisol production and hypertension
B) Vascular collapse, hypoglycemia, and need for aldosterone replacement
C) Moon face, truncal obesity, and buffalo hump
D) Thyroid storm with fever and tachycardia
Answer: B
16. Addison's disease is characterized by:
A) Excess adrenocorticoid activity
Answers (Verified Answers)
1. A 1st degree burn is characterized by:
A) Blisters present with weeping fluid
B) Full thickness destruction requiring skin grafting
C) Injury to the epidermis, pink/red, dry, painful, no blisters
D) Destruction of dermis and epidermis with eschar
Answer: C
2. A 2nd degree burn involves:
A) Total destruction of dermis and epidermis
B) Destruction of epidermis and upper layers of dermis, blisters present
C) Injury only to the epidermis with no blisters
D) Painless wound with dry leathery appearance
Answer: B
3. A 3rd degree burn is characterized by:
A) Painful, blistered wound with capillary refill
B) Pink or red skin with slight edema
C) Full thickness destruction, painless, requires skin grafting
D) Superficial injury to epidermis only
Answer: C
4. A client diagnosed with a rectal mass requires bowel preparation for surgery.
Which nursing intervention is contraindicated if the patient has bowel obstruction?
A) NPO status
B) IV fluids
,C) Bowel cleansing
D) NG tube insertion
Answer: C
5. Absence of bowel sounds indicates:
A) Bowel obstruction
B) Paralytic ileus
C) Diverticulitis
D) Crohn's disease
Answer: B
6. Alpha-glucose inhibitors lower blood glucose by:
A) Stimulating beta cells to release insulin
B) Inhibiting hepatic glucose production
C) Blunting sugar levels after meals
D) Increasing sensitivity of peripheral tissue to insulin
Answer: C
7. The action of antacids in treating peptic ulcers is:
A) Stimulating mucosal healing
B) Blocking histamine receptors
C) Neutralizing or reducing acidity of stomach contents
D) Inhibiting proton pump activity
Answer: C
8. Biguanides lower serum glucose by:
A) Stimulating beta cells to release insulin
,B) Inhibiting hepatic glucose production and increasing peripheral sensitivity to
insulin
C) Blunting post-meal glucose spikes
D) Blocking glucose absorption in the intestine
Answer: B
9. Histamine-2 antagonists are primarily used for:
A) Treatment of erosive esophagitis
B) Neutralizing stomach acid
C) Treatment and prophylaxis of peptic ulcers
D) Mucosal healing in GERD
Answer: C
10. PPIs are indicated for:
A) Neutralizing stomach acid directly
B) Prophylaxis of peptic ulcers
C) Treatment of erosive esophagitis associated with GERD
D) Stimulating pancreatic enzyme secretion
Answer: C
11. Sulfonylureas lower blood sugar by:
A) Inhibiting hepatic glucose production
B) Blunting postprandial glucose levels
C) Stimulating beta cell insulin release and promoting glucose uptake
D) Reducing intestinal glucose absorption
Answer: C
12. Acute pancreatitis is best described as:
A) Progressive dysfunction of the pancreas due to alcohol
, B) Digestion of the pancreas by its own enzymes, primarily trypsin
C) Bacterial inflammation of the pancreatic tissue
D) Obstruction of the pancreatic duct by gallstones
Answer: B
13. The acute phase of burn care (48–72 hours after injury) is characterized by:
A) Fluid shift from intravascular to interstitial and shock
B) Grafting and rehabilitation
C) Fluid shift from interstitial to intravascular with focus on infection control
D) Restoration of capillary permeability
Answer: C
14. Acute renal failure is defined as:
A) Progressive irreversible damage to nephrons
B) Abrupt deterioration of the renal system
C) Chronic scarring of glomeruli
D) Obstruction of urine flow in the urinary tract
Answer: B
15. Addisonian crisis involves:
A) Excess cortisol production and hypertension
B) Vascular collapse, hypoglycemia, and need for aldosterone replacement
C) Moon face, truncal obesity, and buffalo hump
D) Thyroid storm with fever and tachycardia
Answer: B
16. Addison's disease is characterized by:
A) Excess adrenocorticoid activity
