PSYC 2700 FINAL TEST QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
procedural knowledge - Answers - Knowledge of how to do something, such as riding a
bike; expressed in behaviors rather than in words. Takes practice and hard to extinguish
Ex. Riding a bike, driving and walking
declarative knowledge - Answers - the facts, events and impressions that we
consciously know and can describe. it is acquired with organization and can be easily
forgotten. Like knowing what time your fav restaurant closes
episodic knowledge - Answers - long-term memory for information tied to a particular
time and place, especially memory of the events in a person's life
- autobiographical
- temporal tags
-Memory of having experienced something
Ex. First day of uni
semantic knowledge - Answers - the aspect of language knowledge that involves word
meanings and vocabulary
- factual, words, concepts
- not referenced to own experiences
-Factual knowledge
Example: We know what a house is but may not remember where we learned
Cohen & Corkin (1982) - Answers - - Compared normals vs. amnesics (like HM)
Task: "Tower of Hanoi puzzle"
Objective: move entire set of disks to another rod
- only one disk can be moved at a time
- disks must be move onto another rod
- no disk may be placed on top of a smaller disk
Results: Normals:
- learns set of procedures
- transfer to other tasks
- have episodic memory
Amnesics:
- can learn task!
- also show transfer!
- but no episodic memory
, Shows: - a dissociation between explicit (episodic) memory & implicit (procedural)
knowledge
H.M. (Henry Molaison) - Answers - • Retrieval of information from LTM intact
• STM (working memory) intact
• But, could not transfer new declarative info to LTM
- i.e., explicit storage of new info a problem
- this included episodic information (experiences)
mirror tracing task - Answers - • HM had no recollection of doing this task from one day
to the next
• However, HM improved in this motor learning task!
• Evidence for implicit learning and memory
Semantic Memory - Answers - Permanent memory of general world knowledge
• Semantic memory uses different brain processes than episodic memory:
- episodic memory: hippocampus & anterior prefrontal cortex
- semantic knowledge: lateral temporal lobes, posterior prefrontal cortex
• Semantic memory is highly organized
- Eye witness studies (lecture 08)
- Psychoanalysis relies on organization
- Aim is to examine and formalize this organization
Tulving 1962 - Answers - - Subjective organization: personal organization.
- presented list of unrelated words, given several times & in different orders
- after each trial they had to generate the words
models of semantic memory - Answers - Feature Model:
-Semantic Feature-Comparison Model
Two Network Models:
Hierarchical Network Model
Spreading Activation Model
Semantic Feature-Comparison
(Rips, Shoben & Smith, 1973) - Answers - 1. Structure
- knowledge consists of sets of features
- features weighted on n-dimensional space
- can very bt small and large
defining: - important
characteristic: - less important
2. Decision Process
stage 1: global feature comparison,
stage 2: compare defining features
Problem for Semantic Feature Comparison Model - Answers - Disconfirming sentences
ANSWERS
procedural knowledge - Answers - Knowledge of how to do something, such as riding a
bike; expressed in behaviors rather than in words. Takes practice and hard to extinguish
Ex. Riding a bike, driving and walking
declarative knowledge - Answers - the facts, events and impressions that we
consciously know and can describe. it is acquired with organization and can be easily
forgotten. Like knowing what time your fav restaurant closes
episodic knowledge - Answers - long-term memory for information tied to a particular
time and place, especially memory of the events in a person's life
- autobiographical
- temporal tags
-Memory of having experienced something
Ex. First day of uni
semantic knowledge - Answers - the aspect of language knowledge that involves word
meanings and vocabulary
- factual, words, concepts
- not referenced to own experiences
-Factual knowledge
Example: We know what a house is but may not remember where we learned
Cohen & Corkin (1982) - Answers - - Compared normals vs. amnesics (like HM)
Task: "Tower of Hanoi puzzle"
Objective: move entire set of disks to another rod
- only one disk can be moved at a time
- disks must be move onto another rod
- no disk may be placed on top of a smaller disk
Results: Normals:
- learns set of procedures
- transfer to other tasks
- have episodic memory
Amnesics:
- can learn task!
- also show transfer!
- but no episodic memory
, Shows: - a dissociation between explicit (episodic) memory & implicit (procedural)
knowledge
H.M. (Henry Molaison) - Answers - • Retrieval of information from LTM intact
• STM (working memory) intact
• But, could not transfer new declarative info to LTM
- i.e., explicit storage of new info a problem
- this included episodic information (experiences)
mirror tracing task - Answers - • HM had no recollection of doing this task from one day
to the next
• However, HM improved in this motor learning task!
• Evidence for implicit learning and memory
Semantic Memory - Answers - Permanent memory of general world knowledge
• Semantic memory uses different brain processes than episodic memory:
- episodic memory: hippocampus & anterior prefrontal cortex
- semantic knowledge: lateral temporal lobes, posterior prefrontal cortex
• Semantic memory is highly organized
- Eye witness studies (lecture 08)
- Psychoanalysis relies on organization
- Aim is to examine and formalize this organization
Tulving 1962 - Answers - - Subjective organization: personal organization.
- presented list of unrelated words, given several times & in different orders
- after each trial they had to generate the words
models of semantic memory - Answers - Feature Model:
-Semantic Feature-Comparison Model
Two Network Models:
Hierarchical Network Model
Spreading Activation Model
Semantic Feature-Comparison
(Rips, Shoben & Smith, 1973) - Answers - 1. Structure
- knowledge consists of sets of features
- features weighted on n-dimensional space
- can very bt small and large
defining: - important
characteristic: - less important
2. Decision Process
stage 1: global feature comparison,
stage 2: compare defining features
Problem for Semantic Feature Comparison Model - Answers - Disconfirming sentences
