NSG 3280 Exam 1 Questions and Answers
(2026/2027) | Real Practice Questions |
Verified Answers | A+
• Idiopathic. CORRECT ANSWER: A condition with an unknown cause.
• Iatrogenic. CORRECT ANSWER: A condition caused by unwanted or
unintended medical treatment.
• Risk factor. CORRECT ANSWER: A characteristic or condition that
increases the probability of developing a disease.
• Pathogenesis. CORRECT ANSWER: The development of a disease from
the initial stimulus to its full expression.
• Latent period. CORRECT ANSWER: The time between exposure to an
injurious agent and the first signs and symptoms of a disease.
• Incubation period. CORRECT ANSWER: The time between exposure to a
pathogen and the first signs and symptoms of an infection.
• Prodromal period. CORRECT ANSWER: The time when the first signs
and symptoms of a disease appear, often nonspecific.
• Acute phase. CORRECT ANSWER: The stage of a disease when it
reaches full intensity.
• Silent period. CORRECT ANSWER: An interval in a disease when signs
and symptoms become mild or may disappear.
• Subclinical stage. CORRECT ANSWER: A stage where the disease
process is established, but the patient may function normally.
• Sequela. CORRECT ANSWER: A secondary condition that results from a
disease.
• Exacerbation. CORRECT ANSWER: An acute increase in the severity of
a disease.
,• Remission. CORRECT ANSWER: A decline in the severity of a disease.
• Convalescence. CORRECT ANSWER: The recovery period after a
disease.
• Epidemiology. CORRECT ANSWER: The study of how diseases affect
the health and illness of populations.
• Endemic. CORRECT ANSWER: A disease that is native to a local region.
• Epidemic. CORRECT ANSWER: A disease that affects or spreads to
many individuals at the same time.
• Pandemic. CORRECT ANSWER: A disease that affects a large
geographic area, often worldwide.
• Primary prevention. CORRECT ANSWER: Strategies aimed at altering
susceptibility or decreasing exposure for susceptible individuals.
• Secondary prevention. CORRECT ANSWER: Early detection and
screening for diseases.
• Tertiary prevention. CORRECT ANSWER: Rehabilitative care aimed at
decreasing disability and increasing function.
• Homeostasis. CORRECT ANSWER: The process of maintaining stability
in the body's internal environment.
• Allostasis. CORRECT ANSWER: The process of achieving stability
through change in response to challenges.
• Stages of General Adaptation. CORRECT ANSWER: The three stages
the body goes through in response to stress: Alarm, Resistance, and
Exhaustion.
• Catecholamine Release. CORRECT ANSWER: The release of hormones
such as epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stress.
, • Epinephrine effects. CORRECT ANSWER: Increases heart contractility,
heart rate, bronchodilation, glycogenolysis, and decreases insulin
secretion.
• Norepinephrine effects. CORRECT ANSWER: Causes blood vessel
constriction, decreases gastrointestinal secretion, decreases insulin
secretion, and dilates pupils.
• Cortisol effects. CORRECT ANSWER: Increases breakdown of tissues
into amino acids, gluconeogenesis, and mobilizes immune cells while
decreasing acute immune response.
• Aldosterone effects. CORRECT ANSWER: Promotes retention of sodium
and water, and causes vasoconstriction.
• Endorphins & Enkephalins. CORRECT ANSWER: Endogenous opioids
released due to stress, exercise, or laughter that can alleviate pain.
• What is hydropic swelling?. CORRECT ANSWER: Hydropic swelling is
the accumulation of water in cells due to malfunction of the Na+/K+ pump,
often resulting from decreased ATP levels, leading to cell enlargement.
• What is intracellular accumulation?. CORRECT ANSWER: Intracellular
accumulation refers to the buildup of substances within cells that can
occupy space, provoke immune responses, or cause toxicity, often due to
excessive normal substances, abnormal metabolism, or particles that
cannot be broken down.
• What is atrophy?. CORRECT ANSWER: Atrophy is the reduction in cell
size and functional capacity, usually due to decreased energy and nutrient
consumption, often caused by disuse, denervation, or ischemia.
• What is hypertrophy?. CORRECT ANSWER: Hypertrophy is the increase
in cell mass and functional capacity, typically resulting from increased
demands on the cell, such as repeated exercise or hormonal stimulation.
• What is hyperplasia?. CORRECT ANSWER: Hyperplasia is the increase
in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, often due to increased demands,
hormonal changes, or persistent injury.
(2026/2027) | Real Practice Questions |
Verified Answers | A+
• Idiopathic. CORRECT ANSWER: A condition with an unknown cause.
• Iatrogenic. CORRECT ANSWER: A condition caused by unwanted or
unintended medical treatment.
• Risk factor. CORRECT ANSWER: A characteristic or condition that
increases the probability of developing a disease.
• Pathogenesis. CORRECT ANSWER: The development of a disease from
the initial stimulus to its full expression.
• Latent period. CORRECT ANSWER: The time between exposure to an
injurious agent and the first signs and symptoms of a disease.
• Incubation period. CORRECT ANSWER: The time between exposure to a
pathogen and the first signs and symptoms of an infection.
• Prodromal period. CORRECT ANSWER: The time when the first signs
and symptoms of a disease appear, often nonspecific.
• Acute phase. CORRECT ANSWER: The stage of a disease when it
reaches full intensity.
• Silent period. CORRECT ANSWER: An interval in a disease when signs
and symptoms become mild or may disappear.
• Subclinical stage. CORRECT ANSWER: A stage where the disease
process is established, but the patient may function normally.
• Sequela. CORRECT ANSWER: A secondary condition that results from a
disease.
• Exacerbation. CORRECT ANSWER: An acute increase in the severity of
a disease.
,• Remission. CORRECT ANSWER: A decline in the severity of a disease.
• Convalescence. CORRECT ANSWER: The recovery period after a
disease.
• Epidemiology. CORRECT ANSWER: The study of how diseases affect
the health and illness of populations.
• Endemic. CORRECT ANSWER: A disease that is native to a local region.
• Epidemic. CORRECT ANSWER: A disease that affects or spreads to
many individuals at the same time.
• Pandemic. CORRECT ANSWER: A disease that affects a large
geographic area, often worldwide.
• Primary prevention. CORRECT ANSWER: Strategies aimed at altering
susceptibility or decreasing exposure for susceptible individuals.
• Secondary prevention. CORRECT ANSWER: Early detection and
screening for diseases.
• Tertiary prevention. CORRECT ANSWER: Rehabilitative care aimed at
decreasing disability and increasing function.
• Homeostasis. CORRECT ANSWER: The process of maintaining stability
in the body's internal environment.
• Allostasis. CORRECT ANSWER: The process of achieving stability
through change in response to challenges.
• Stages of General Adaptation. CORRECT ANSWER: The three stages
the body goes through in response to stress: Alarm, Resistance, and
Exhaustion.
• Catecholamine Release. CORRECT ANSWER: The release of hormones
such as epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stress.
, • Epinephrine effects. CORRECT ANSWER: Increases heart contractility,
heart rate, bronchodilation, glycogenolysis, and decreases insulin
secretion.
• Norepinephrine effects. CORRECT ANSWER: Causes blood vessel
constriction, decreases gastrointestinal secretion, decreases insulin
secretion, and dilates pupils.
• Cortisol effects. CORRECT ANSWER: Increases breakdown of tissues
into amino acids, gluconeogenesis, and mobilizes immune cells while
decreasing acute immune response.
• Aldosterone effects. CORRECT ANSWER: Promotes retention of sodium
and water, and causes vasoconstriction.
• Endorphins & Enkephalins. CORRECT ANSWER: Endogenous opioids
released due to stress, exercise, or laughter that can alleviate pain.
• What is hydropic swelling?. CORRECT ANSWER: Hydropic swelling is
the accumulation of water in cells due to malfunction of the Na+/K+ pump,
often resulting from decreased ATP levels, leading to cell enlargement.
• What is intracellular accumulation?. CORRECT ANSWER: Intracellular
accumulation refers to the buildup of substances within cells that can
occupy space, provoke immune responses, or cause toxicity, often due to
excessive normal substances, abnormal metabolism, or particles that
cannot be broken down.
• What is atrophy?. CORRECT ANSWER: Atrophy is the reduction in cell
size and functional capacity, usually due to decreased energy and nutrient
consumption, often caused by disuse, denervation, or ischemia.
• What is hypertrophy?. CORRECT ANSWER: Hypertrophy is the increase
in cell mass and functional capacity, typically resulting from increased
demands on the cell, such as repeated exercise or hormonal stimulation.
• What is hyperplasia?. CORRECT ANSWER: Hyperplasia is the increase
in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, often due to increased demands,
hormonal changes, or persistent injury.
