1
What are local anesthetics? Local Anesthetics are drugs that produce
reversible conduction blockade of impulses
along central and peripheral nerve pathways
after regional anesthesia
2
Explain concisely how local anesthetics Transmission of impulses is interrupted
work. (ie, the action potential is prevented),
producing autonomic blockade, sensory
anesthesia, and skeletal muscle paralysis
in the area innervated by the affected
nerve.
3
,What and when was the first localized Cocaine in 1884
anesthetic introduced?
4
What happened in the following years? Cocaine used as the first local
1884 anesthetic in 1884
1905 Procaine, the first synthetic local
1943 anesthetic, was derived in 1905
Lidocaine was developed in 1943
5
Which local anesthetic is the "gold Lidocaine
standard" to which other local It can be used topically and is an
anesthetics are compared? effective cardiac antidysrhythmic
Name two benefits of its use.
, 6
Name two benefits of local anesthetics. Local anesthetics have an extended
duration of action and can therefore be
used to prolong anesthesia
Local anesthetics don't carry the
systemic side effects of opioids.
7
Name the order that the somatic motor, The autonomic pathways disappear
sensory, and autonomic pathways first, followed by sensory and somatic
"disappear" or are blocked by local motor pathways.
anesthetics.
8
, Define: An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons
Nerve (nerve fibers) in the peripheral nervous
Fascicle system
A small bundle of nerve fibers
surrounded by perineurium; a nerve
may contain a single fascicle or multiple
fascicles
9
Define: Outer layer of connective tissue that
Epineurium surrounds an entire peripheral nerve
Perineurium The sheath of connective tissue
Endoneurium surrounding a bundle (fascicle) of nerve
fibers within a nerve
The delicate layer of connective tissue
that surrounds the myelin sheath of a
single nerve fiber
What are local anesthetics? Local Anesthetics are drugs that produce
reversible conduction blockade of impulses
along central and peripheral nerve pathways
after regional anesthesia
2
Explain concisely how local anesthetics Transmission of impulses is interrupted
work. (ie, the action potential is prevented),
producing autonomic blockade, sensory
anesthesia, and skeletal muscle paralysis
in the area innervated by the affected
nerve.
3
,What and when was the first localized Cocaine in 1884
anesthetic introduced?
4
What happened in the following years? Cocaine used as the first local
1884 anesthetic in 1884
1905 Procaine, the first synthetic local
1943 anesthetic, was derived in 1905
Lidocaine was developed in 1943
5
Which local anesthetic is the "gold Lidocaine
standard" to which other local It can be used topically and is an
anesthetics are compared? effective cardiac antidysrhythmic
Name two benefits of its use.
, 6
Name two benefits of local anesthetics. Local anesthetics have an extended
duration of action and can therefore be
used to prolong anesthesia
Local anesthetics don't carry the
systemic side effects of opioids.
7
Name the order that the somatic motor, The autonomic pathways disappear
sensory, and autonomic pathways first, followed by sensory and somatic
"disappear" or are blocked by local motor pathways.
anesthetics.
8
, Define: An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons
Nerve (nerve fibers) in the peripheral nervous
Fascicle system
A small bundle of nerve fibers
surrounded by perineurium; a nerve
may contain a single fascicle or multiple
fascicles
9
Define: Outer layer of connective tissue that
Epineurium surrounds an entire peripheral nerve
Perineurium The sheath of connective tissue
Endoneurium surrounding a bundle (fascicle) of nerve
fibers within a nerve
The delicate layer of connective tissue
that surrounds the myelin sheath of a
single nerve fiber
