NURS 5434 CAD/LIPIDS QUIZ (FAMILY III,
FNP 3) UTA QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Cardiovascular Risk & Pathophysiology
Q1. Which lipoprotein is considered most atherogenic?
• A. HDL
• B. LDL ✅
• C. VLDL
• D. Chylomicrons
• Rationale: LDL particles penetrate arterial walls, initiating plaque formation.
Q2. Which factor is the strongest non-modifiable risk for CAD?
• A. Family history ✅
• B. Smoking
• C. Hypertension
• D. Obesity
• Rationale: Genetics and family history cannot be altered, but they strongly predict CAD
risk.
Q3. Endothelial dysfunction in CAD is primarily caused by:
• A. Hyperglycemia ✅
• B. Hypocalcemia
• C. Hypokalemia
• D. Hypernatremia
• Rationale: Chronic hyperglycemia damages endothelium, accelerating atherosclerosis.
Lipid Guidelines & Screening
Q4. At what age should lipid screening begin for average-risk adults?
• A. 20 years ✅
• B. 30 years
• C. 40 years
• D. 50 years
• Rationale: USPSTF recommends screening starting at age 20 for risk assessment.
,Q5. Which guideline recommends statin therapy for adults 40–75 with diabetes?
• A. ACC/AHA ✅
• B. WHO
• C. CDC
• D. NIH
• Rationale: ACC/AHA guidelines emphasize statins for diabetics with LDL 70–189
mg/dL.
Q6. Which lipid abnormality is most associated with pancreatitis?
• A. LDL >160
• B. HDL <40
• C. Triglycerides >500 ✅
• D. Total cholesterol >200
• Rationale: Severe hypertriglyceridemia (>500 mg/dL) increases pancreatitis risk.
Pharmacology
Q7. First-line drug for lowering LDL cholesterol:
• A. Statins ✅
• B. Niacin
• C. Fibrates
• D. Omega-3 fatty acids
• Rationale: Statins are most effective for LDL reduction.
Q8. Which drug class increases HDL most significantly?
• A. Niacin ✅
• B. Statins
• C. Fibrates
• D. Ezetimibe
• Rationale: Niacin raises HDL but is limited by flushing and hepatotoxicity.
Q9. Which lab should be monitored with statin therapy?
• A. Liver function tests ✅
• B. CBC
• C. Serum calcium
• D. Thyroid function
• Rationale: Statins can cause hepatotoxicity.
Q10. Statin-induced myopathy requires checking:
, • A. CK levels ✅
• B. ESR
• C. CRP
• D. BNP
• Rationale: CK elevation indicates muscle injury or rhabdomyolysis.
Q11. Which drug lowers LDL by blocking intestinal absorption of cholesterol?
• A. Ezetimibe ✅
• B. Niacin
• C. Fibrate
• D. Omega-3
• Rationale: Ezetimibe inhibits cholesterol absorption at the brush border.
Q12. PCSK9 inhibitors work by:
• A. Increasing LDL receptor recycling ✅
• B. Blocking cholesterol absorption
• C. Raising HDL
• D. Lowering triglycerides
• Rationale: PCSK9 inhibitors prevent LDL receptor degradation, lowering LDL.
Lifestyle & Prevention
Q13. Most effective lifestyle change for CAD prevention:
• A. Smoking cessation ✅
• B. Low-fat diet
• C. Daily vitamins
• D. Increased hydration
• Rationale: Smoking cessation dramatically reduces CAD risk.
Q14. Recommended physical activity for adults to reduce CAD risk:
• A. 150 minutes moderate exercise/week ✅
• B. 60 minutes vigorous exercise/week
• C. 30 minutes once weekly
• D. 300 minutes light activity/week
• Rationale: Guidelines recommend 150 minutes moderate or 75 minutes vigorous
weekly.
Q15. Dietary pattern most protective against CAD:
• A. Mediterranean diet ✅
• B. High-protein diet
, • C. Ketogenic diet
• D. Low-carb diet
• Rationale: Mediterranean diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, fish, and olive oil.
Clinical Scenarios
Q16. A patient with CAD and diabetes should receive:
• A. ACE inhibitor ✅
• B. Thiazide
• C. Calcium channel blocker
• D. Digoxin
• Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce CV events and protect kidneys in diabetics.
Q17. A patient with LDL 190 mg/dL should receive:
• A. High-intensity statin ✅
• B. Lifestyle modification only
• C. Niacin
• D. Fish oil
• Rationale: LDL ≥190 requires high-intensity statin regardless of risk score.
Q18. Which finding is most concerning for premature CAD?
• A. LDL 180 mg/dL ✅
• B. HDL 65 mg/dL
• C. TG 140 mg/dL
• D. Total cholesterol 190 mg/Dl
• Rationale: Elevated LDL is the strongest predictor.
Q19. Patient on statin reports muscle pain. Next step:
• A. Stop statin, check CK ✅
• B. Increase dose
• C. Add niacin
• D. Continue therapy
• Rationale: Evaluate for rhabdomyolysis.
Q20. Which antihypertensive is contraindicated in CAD with asthma?
• A. Beta-blocker ✅
• B. ACE inhibitor
• C. ARB
• D. Thiazide
• Rationale: Beta-blockers may worsen bronchospasm in asthma.
FNP 3) UTA QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Cardiovascular Risk & Pathophysiology
Q1. Which lipoprotein is considered most atherogenic?
• A. HDL
• B. LDL ✅
• C. VLDL
• D. Chylomicrons
• Rationale: LDL particles penetrate arterial walls, initiating plaque formation.
Q2. Which factor is the strongest non-modifiable risk for CAD?
• A. Family history ✅
• B. Smoking
• C. Hypertension
• D. Obesity
• Rationale: Genetics and family history cannot be altered, but they strongly predict CAD
risk.
Q3. Endothelial dysfunction in CAD is primarily caused by:
• A. Hyperglycemia ✅
• B. Hypocalcemia
• C. Hypokalemia
• D. Hypernatremia
• Rationale: Chronic hyperglycemia damages endothelium, accelerating atherosclerosis.
Lipid Guidelines & Screening
Q4. At what age should lipid screening begin for average-risk adults?
• A. 20 years ✅
• B. 30 years
• C. 40 years
• D. 50 years
• Rationale: USPSTF recommends screening starting at age 20 for risk assessment.
,Q5. Which guideline recommends statin therapy for adults 40–75 with diabetes?
• A. ACC/AHA ✅
• B. WHO
• C. CDC
• D. NIH
• Rationale: ACC/AHA guidelines emphasize statins for diabetics with LDL 70–189
mg/dL.
Q6. Which lipid abnormality is most associated with pancreatitis?
• A. LDL >160
• B. HDL <40
• C. Triglycerides >500 ✅
• D. Total cholesterol >200
• Rationale: Severe hypertriglyceridemia (>500 mg/dL) increases pancreatitis risk.
Pharmacology
Q7. First-line drug for lowering LDL cholesterol:
• A. Statins ✅
• B. Niacin
• C. Fibrates
• D. Omega-3 fatty acids
• Rationale: Statins are most effective for LDL reduction.
Q8. Which drug class increases HDL most significantly?
• A. Niacin ✅
• B. Statins
• C. Fibrates
• D. Ezetimibe
• Rationale: Niacin raises HDL but is limited by flushing and hepatotoxicity.
Q9. Which lab should be monitored with statin therapy?
• A. Liver function tests ✅
• B. CBC
• C. Serum calcium
• D. Thyroid function
• Rationale: Statins can cause hepatotoxicity.
Q10. Statin-induced myopathy requires checking:
, • A. CK levels ✅
• B. ESR
• C. CRP
• D. BNP
• Rationale: CK elevation indicates muscle injury or rhabdomyolysis.
Q11. Which drug lowers LDL by blocking intestinal absorption of cholesterol?
• A. Ezetimibe ✅
• B. Niacin
• C. Fibrate
• D. Omega-3
• Rationale: Ezetimibe inhibits cholesterol absorption at the brush border.
Q12. PCSK9 inhibitors work by:
• A. Increasing LDL receptor recycling ✅
• B. Blocking cholesterol absorption
• C. Raising HDL
• D. Lowering triglycerides
• Rationale: PCSK9 inhibitors prevent LDL receptor degradation, lowering LDL.
Lifestyle & Prevention
Q13. Most effective lifestyle change for CAD prevention:
• A. Smoking cessation ✅
• B. Low-fat diet
• C. Daily vitamins
• D. Increased hydration
• Rationale: Smoking cessation dramatically reduces CAD risk.
Q14. Recommended physical activity for adults to reduce CAD risk:
• A. 150 minutes moderate exercise/week ✅
• B. 60 minutes vigorous exercise/week
• C. 30 minutes once weekly
• D. 300 minutes light activity/week
• Rationale: Guidelines recommend 150 minutes moderate or 75 minutes vigorous
weekly.
Q15. Dietary pattern most protective against CAD:
• A. Mediterranean diet ✅
• B. High-protein diet
, • C. Ketogenic diet
• D. Low-carb diet
• Rationale: Mediterranean diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, fish, and olive oil.
Clinical Scenarios
Q16. A patient with CAD and diabetes should receive:
• A. ACE inhibitor ✅
• B. Thiazide
• C. Calcium channel blocker
• D. Digoxin
• Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce CV events and protect kidneys in diabetics.
Q17. A patient with LDL 190 mg/dL should receive:
• A. High-intensity statin ✅
• B. Lifestyle modification only
• C. Niacin
• D. Fish oil
• Rationale: LDL ≥190 requires high-intensity statin regardless of risk score.
Q18. Which finding is most concerning for premature CAD?
• A. LDL 180 mg/dL ✅
• B. HDL 65 mg/dL
• C. TG 140 mg/dL
• D. Total cholesterol 190 mg/Dl
• Rationale: Elevated LDL is the strongest predictor.
Q19. Patient on statin reports muscle pain. Next step:
• A. Stop statin, check CK ✅
• B. Increase dose
• C. Add niacin
• D. Continue therapy
• Rationale: Evaluate for rhabdomyolysis.
Q20. Which antihypertensive is contraindicated in CAD with asthma?
• A. Beta-blocker ✅
• B. ACE inhibitor
• C. ARB
• D. Thiazide
• Rationale: Beta-blockers may worsen bronchospasm in asthma.
