BIOLOGY 1201 EXAM 4 2026 STUDY GUIDE
REVISION SHEET CORE TOPICS BREAKDOWN
◉ Ribosomes.
Answer: complexes that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to
rough ER or nuclear envelope
◉ Golgi apparatus.
Answer: active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of
cell products
◉ Lysosome.
Answer: digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed,
and autophagy
◉ Mitachondrion.
Answer: organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is
generated
◉ Cytoskeleton.
Answer: reinforces cell's shape; functions in cell movement;
components are made of protein. Includes: Microfilaments,
Intermediate filaments, Microtubules.
,◉ Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Answer: network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in
membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes;
has rough (ribosome-studded) and smooth regions
◉ Rough ER.
Answer: protein synthesis
◉ Smooth ER.
Answer: lipid synthesis
calcium ion storage
poison detoxification
◉ Nucleolus.
Answer: nonmembranous structure involved in production of
ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli
◉ Chromatin.
Answer: material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible in a
dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes
◉ cell wall.
, Answer: outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protects cell
from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides,
and protein
◉ Chloroplast.
Answer: photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to
chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
◉ central vacuole.
Answer: prominent organelle in older plant cells; storage,
breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules;
enlargement of vacuole major mechanism of plant growth.
◉ Part complete
The innermost electron shell of an atom can hold up to _____
electrons..
Answer: 2
◉ Which of these relationships is true of an uncharged atom?.
Answer: The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons
◉ What determines the types of chemical reactions that an atom
participates in?.
Answer: the number of electrons in the outermost electron shell
REVISION SHEET CORE TOPICS BREAKDOWN
◉ Ribosomes.
Answer: complexes that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to
rough ER or nuclear envelope
◉ Golgi apparatus.
Answer: active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of
cell products
◉ Lysosome.
Answer: digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed,
and autophagy
◉ Mitachondrion.
Answer: organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is
generated
◉ Cytoskeleton.
Answer: reinforces cell's shape; functions in cell movement;
components are made of protein. Includes: Microfilaments,
Intermediate filaments, Microtubules.
,◉ Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Answer: network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in
membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes;
has rough (ribosome-studded) and smooth regions
◉ Rough ER.
Answer: protein synthesis
◉ Smooth ER.
Answer: lipid synthesis
calcium ion storage
poison detoxification
◉ Nucleolus.
Answer: nonmembranous structure involved in production of
ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli
◉ Chromatin.
Answer: material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible in a
dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes
◉ cell wall.
, Answer: outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protects cell
from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides,
and protein
◉ Chloroplast.
Answer: photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to
chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
◉ central vacuole.
Answer: prominent organelle in older plant cells; storage,
breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules;
enlargement of vacuole major mechanism of plant growth.
◉ Part complete
The innermost electron shell of an atom can hold up to _____
electrons..
Answer: 2
◉ Which of these relationships is true of an uncharged atom?.
Answer: The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons
◉ What determines the types of chemical reactions that an atom
participates in?.
Answer: the number of electrons in the outermost electron shell
