BIOLOGY 1201 EXAM 2 2026 STUDY GUIDE
REVISION SHEET CORE TOPICS INSIGHTS
◉ Which is the best technique for isolating, collecting, and studying
specific organelles on their own, like nuclei or chloroplasts?
Answer: cell fractionation
◉ What have a membrane?
Answer: nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondrion, and perixosome
◉ What does not have a membrane?
Answer: Ribosomes
◉ What is found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic?
Answer: chromosomes
◉ Myosin is a motor protein, it binds to what?
Answer: actin
◉ Lipid bilayers:
Answer: form spontaneously
,◉ to increase fluidity of a membrane:
Answer: add some phospholipids containing unsaturated fatty acids
◉ Which of the following is a specific characteristic of active
transport?
Answer: use of ATP
◉ Which is the most difficult to get across a lipid bilayer by itself?
Answer: chloride ion
◉ When cell A recognizes cell B in the body, what is cell A actually
recognizing?
Answer: it is recognizing carbohydrates on the membrane proteins
on the surface of cell B
◉ If an enzyme is more active at low pH than at high pH, which of
the following could explain this?
Answer: the enzyme activity is allosterically enhanced by protons
◉ what do cells do?
Answer: Cells increase the entropy of the universe
, ◉ If a reaction has a negative free energy:
Answer: the reaction releases energy, the reaction is favorable, the
reaction is spontaneous, the reaction will proceed on its own
without an enzyme although an enzyme would speed it up
◉ what is induced fit?
Answer: when an enzyme closes around a substrate
◉ Which of the following is a way that enzymes speed up reactions
Answer: providing a favorable micro-environment for the reaction to
occur, lowering the transition state energy, All of the answers are
ways enzymes speed up reactions, aligning substrates to favor the
reaction
◉ The main goal of the extra reactions that turn glycolysis into
fermentation are to regenerate NAD+. Why?
Answer: so that glycolysis can keep occurring repeatedly
◉ How many oxygens are used per glucose molecule in glycolysis?
Answer: 0
◉ How many ATPs are USED per glucose molecule in glycolysis?
Answer: 2
REVISION SHEET CORE TOPICS INSIGHTS
◉ Which is the best technique for isolating, collecting, and studying
specific organelles on their own, like nuclei or chloroplasts?
Answer: cell fractionation
◉ What have a membrane?
Answer: nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondrion, and perixosome
◉ What does not have a membrane?
Answer: Ribosomes
◉ What is found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic?
Answer: chromosomes
◉ Myosin is a motor protein, it binds to what?
Answer: actin
◉ Lipid bilayers:
Answer: form spontaneously
,◉ to increase fluidity of a membrane:
Answer: add some phospholipids containing unsaturated fatty acids
◉ Which of the following is a specific characteristic of active
transport?
Answer: use of ATP
◉ Which is the most difficult to get across a lipid bilayer by itself?
Answer: chloride ion
◉ When cell A recognizes cell B in the body, what is cell A actually
recognizing?
Answer: it is recognizing carbohydrates on the membrane proteins
on the surface of cell B
◉ If an enzyme is more active at low pH than at high pH, which of
the following could explain this?
Answer: the enzyme activity is allosterically enhanced by protons
◉ what do cells do?
Answer: Cells increase the entropy of the universe
, ◉ If a reaction has a negative free energy:
Answer: the reaction releases energy, the reaction is favorable, the
reaction is spontaneous, the reaction will proceed on its own
without an enzyme although an enzyme would speed it up
◉ what is induced fit?
Answer: when an enzyme closes around a substrate
◉ Which of the following is a way that enzymes speed up reactions
Answer: providing a favorable micro-environment for the reaction to
occur, lowering the transition state energy, All of the answers are
ways enzymes speed up reactions, aligning substrates to favor the
reaction
◉ The main goal of the extra reactions that turn glycolysis into
fermentation are to regenerate NAD+. Why?
Answer: so that glycolysis can keep occurring repeatedly
◉ How many oxygens are used per glucose molecule in glycolysis?
Answer: 0
◉ How many ATPs are USED per glucose molecule in glycolysis?
Answer: 2
