EXAM
# Term Definition
1 indochina war 1954: french forces defeated1954 geneva
accords - french and viet minh agree to divide
vietnam temporarily into north and south 1955
elections for a unity government vietnam -
neutral domino theory causes us to involve itself
2 two vietnams north vietnam (democratic republic of vietnam) -
backed by china; led by ho chi minh; capital
hanoisouth vietnam (republic of vietnam) -
backed by US; capital in saigon; led by ngo dinh
diem
3 south vietnam diem wins backing of US - anti-communist1955 -
diem pulls south vietnam out of unity elections-
makes it corrupt and oppressive 1959 - minh -
declares support for a "people's war" in worth
against saigon 1960 - north forms national
liberation front (viet song) - guerrilla force in
south vietnam north supplies out
assassinations, hit-and-run attacks under
eisenhower, US sends huge amounts of money
to develop south vietnam's economy Us cannot
give arms to south vietnam - geneva accords
making them neutral US trains and advises
south vietnamese military through a military
assistance advisory group MAAG 1961 - JFK
accelerates development spending increases
number of MAAG advisors green berets*
4 escalation issues of what advisors are allowed to do and
how long they should stay - ISISunder JFK - 900
advisors in january 1961; 16,000 advisors in nov
1963 - 17,000 by assassination; through
counterinsurgency program, US advisors begin
engaging in combat
5 south vietnam lyndon johnson, US vice president, 1961: "diem's
the only boy we go out there"diem is corrupt
and unpopular the frequency of guerrilla
attacks rises and the insurgency gathers steam
guano due, 1963: unpopularity and ineptness of
diem leads JFK to order his removal diem -
arrested and shot by south vietnam's military
replaced by series of military and political
officials
,EXAM
# Term Definition
6 LBJ LBJ is focused on civil rights and on a massive
domestic program, the great society - aims to
eliminate poverty and racial injusticebut
vietnam lurks as an issue - US had invested
money and prestige in saigon; domino theory
creates fear of losing the south; democrats
remember the "loss" of china
7 1964 november - US presidential election-
republicans nominate barry goldwater; wants to
"rollback" communism in cuba, china, north
vietnam, eastern europe; LBJ - candidate of
peace
8 gulf of tonkin incident 2 august: north vietnamese patrol boats attack
USS Maddox4 august: USS turner joy mistakenly
believes that is also under attack
9 1964 part 2 johnson requests congress to allow
authorization to support south vietnam with US
military forces 7 august: congress passes the
gulf of tonkin resolution; not declaration of war
but instead allows the president "to take all
necessary measures to repel any armed attack
against the forces of the US" johnson's advisors
push for him to intervene to support the south;
allies urge him to be cautiousLBJ decides to
intervene he also needs support in congress for
the great society and wants to trade support for
this program for intervention december: north
begins to send troops to the south to support
the NLF
10 1965 february: initial US bombing raids are carried
out against northmarch: operation rolling
thunder begins with the aim of convincing north
to abandon support for the NLF - carpet
bombing of north vietnam
11 operation rolling thunder us eventually implements a 'bombing pause' to
allow north vietnam to agree to withdraw
support for the NLF - north vietnam
refusesthere would be a number of bombing
pauses throughout the war but they did not
lead to peace
,EXAM
# Term Definition
12 1965 part 2 march: LBJ authorizes 3500 marines to carry out
offensive operations against the NLFjuly:
125,000 US soldiers arrive in the south - 500,000
by 1969 south korea, thailand, australia and
new zealand also commit troops focus of
ground operations is on the south and on
defeating the NLF
13 ground war US forces please little emphasis on winning
'hearts and minds' - search and destroy
missions of villages; free fire zones; defoliation -
napalm and agent orangephan tho kim phuc -
picture shocking US actions
14 1967 by 1967, several hundred americans are being
killed each week congressional support has
begun to dry up, as has public support - the first
'TV war' with images of the war beamed into
homes US government continues to argue that
victory is just a few months away
15 tet offensive january - february 1968: massive NLF assault on
more than 100 south vietnamese urban centres
in 1968, including an attack on the US embassy
in Saigon; offensive almost destroys NLF; north
quickly increases its troops in the
southoffensive makes LBJ's promises of an
imminent victory seem false - media and public
opinion now turn sharply against the war
march: LBH announces that he will not seek
re-election in november when he leaves office in
january 1969, 30,000 americans are dead and
US is divided
16 end of the cold war consensus vietnam leads to huge divisions in US society
over foreign policy and the nature of the cold
waropposition to the war from: democrats in
congress; liberal establishment; press;
university faculty; us allies whereas democrats
and liberals had previously sought to act tough
on foreign policy, now many begin to question
belligerent US policy in the 'third world' many
on the left also begin to blame the US for
starting the cold war
, EXAM
# Term Definition
17 anti-war protests: student student protests - 1962 formation of students
protests for a democratic society march 1965: first
teach-in at university of michigan april 1965 first
anti-war protests in washington
18 anti-war protests protests against the draft: US has a conscript
military where any young make can be forced to
serve 500,000 'draft dodgers' will flee the US
19 anti-war protests: vietnam denounced it; supports from anti-war
veterans against the war democrats - brought to capital hill to talk;
returning veterans john kerry - decorated war
hero; comes back and attacks congress (not
literally) anti-war protest, paris - french
government almost collapses
20 1968 appealing to the 'silent majority' and
denouncing student radicalism and protests as
unpatriotic, richard nixon wins the presidency
he promises to end the war by seeking 'peace
with honour' - during the 1968 election, he
learns of secret peace talks but gets the south
to pull out by promising them a better deal
21 nixon's war: nixon expands war 1969: orders secret bombing of cambodia to
target the Ho Chi Minh trail and increased
bombing of north vietnam1970: US and south
vietnam invade cambodia; south vietnam
invades laos 1970: begins to withdraw some
troops and announces policy of 'vietnamization'
- to get the south vietnamese to fight their own
war; to reduce US casualties
22 nixon's war 1971: secret peace talks begin again in
paris1972: north vietnam launches the 'easter
offensive', a massive invasion of the south -
north invasion is defeated; november: nixon
wins re-election against george mcgovern, an
anti-war democrat december: to force a peace,
nixon orders the 'christmas bombing' - massive
bombing campaign against north jan 1973 -
paris accord: hanoi and saigon accept
cease-fire; declare peace - withdraw from south
august 1973: congress cuts off aid to south
november: congress passes war powers
resolution, 60-day limit on military action
without the consent of congress
# Term Definition
1 indochina war 1954: french forces defeated1954 geneva
accords - french and viet minh agree to divide
vietnam temporarily into north and south 1955
elections for a unity government vietnam -
neutral domino theory causes us to involve itself
2 two vietnams north vietnam (democratic republic of vietnam) -
backed by china; led by ho chi minh; capital
hanoisouth vietnam (republic of vietnam) -
backed by US; capital in saigon; led by ngo dinh
diem
3 south vietnam diem wins backing of US - anti-communist1955 -
diem pulls south vietnam out of unity elections-
makes it corrupt and oppressive 1959 - minh -
declares support for a "people's war" in worth
against saigon 1960 - north forms national
liberation front (viet song) - guerrilla force in
south vietnam north supplies out
assassinations, hit-and-run attacks under
eisenhower, US sends huge amounts of money
to develop south vietnam's economy Us cannot
give arms to south vietnam - geneva accords
making them neutral US trains and advises
south vietnamese military through a military
assistance advisory group MAAG 1961 - JFK
accelerates development spending increases
number of MAAG advisors green berets*
4 escalation issues of what advisors are allowed to do and
how long they should stay - ISISunder JFK - 900
advisors in january 1961; 16,000 advisors in nov
1963 - 17,000 by assassination; through
counterinsurgency program, US advisors begin
engaging in combat
5 south vietnam lyndon johnson, US vice president, 1961: "diem's
the only boy we go out there"diem is corrupt
and unpopular the frequency of guerrilla
attacks rises and the insurgency gathers steam
guano due, 1963: unpopularity and ineptness of
diem leads JFK to order his removal diem -
arrested and shot by south vietnam's military
replaced by series of military and political
officials
,EXAM
# Term Definition
6 LBJ LBJ is focused on civil rights and on a massive
domestic program, the great society - aims to
eliminate poverty and racial injusticebut
vietnam lurks as an issue - US had invested
money and prestige in saigon; domino theory
creates fear of losing the south; democrats
remember the "loss" of china
7 1964 november - US presidential election-
republicans nominate barry goldwater; wants to
"rollback" communism in cuba, china, north
vietnam, eastern europe; LBJ - candidate of
peace
8 gulf of tonkin incident 2 august: north vietnamese patrol boats attack
USS Maddox4 august: USS turner joy mistakenly
believes that is also under attack
9 1964 part 2 johnson requests congress to allow
authorization to support south vietnam with US
military forces 7 august: congress passes the
gulf of tonkin resolution; not declaration of war
but instead allows the president "to take all
necessary measures to repel any armed attack
against the forces of the US" johnson's advisors
push for him to intervene to support the south;
allies urge him to be cautiousLBJ decides to
intervene he also needs support in congress for
the great society and wants to trade support for
this program for intervention december: north
begins to send troops to the south to support
the NLF
10 1965 february: initial US bombing raids are carried
out against northmarch: operation rolling
thunder begins with the aim of convincing north
to abandon support for the NLF - carpet
bombing of north vietnam
11 operation rolling thunder us eventually implements a 'bombing pause' to
allow north vietnam to agree to withdraw
support for the NLF - north vietnam
refusesthere would be a number of bombing
pauses throughout the war but they did not
lead to peace
,EXAM
# Term Definition
12 1965 part 2 march: LBJ authorizes 3500 marines to carry out
offensive operations against the NLFjuly:
125,000 US soldiers arrive in the south - 500,000
by 1969 south korea, thailand, australia and
new zealand also commit troops focus of
ground operations is on the south and on
defeating the NLF
13 ground war US forces please little emphasis on winning
'hearts and minds' - search and destroy
missions of villages; free fire zones; defoliation -
napalm and agent orangephan tho kim phuc -
picture shocking US actions
14 1967 by 1967, several hundred americans are being
killed each week congressional support has
begun to dry up, as has public support - the first
'TV war' with images of the war beamed into
homes US government continues to argue that
victory is just a few months away
15 tet offensive january - february 1968: massive NLF assault on
more than 100 south vietnamese urban centres
in 1968, including an attack on the US embassy
in Saigon; offensive almost destroys NLF; north
quickly increases its troops in the
southoffensive makes LBJ's promises of an
imminent victory seem false - media and public
opinion now turn sharply against the war
march: LBH announces that he will not seek
re-election in november when he leaves office in
january 1969, 30,000 americans are dead and
US is divided
16 end of the cold war consensus vietnam leads to huge divisions in US society
over foreign policy and the nature of the cold
waropposition to the war from: democrats in
congress; liberal establishment; press;
university faculty; us allies whereas democrats
and liberals had previously sought to act tough
on foreign policy, now many begin to question
belligerent US policy in the 'third world' many
on the left also begin to blame the US for
starting the cold war
, EXAM
# Term Definition
17 anti-war protests: student student protests - 1962 formation of students
protests for a democratic society march 1965: first
teach-in at university of michigan april 1965 first
anti-war protests in washington
18 anti-war protests protests against the draft: US has a conscript
military where any young make can be forced to
serve 500,000 'draft dodgers' will flee the US
19 anti-war protests: vietnam denounced it; supports from anti-war
veterans against the war democrats - brought to capital hill to talk;
returning veterans john kerry - decorated war
hero; comes back and attacks congress (not
literally) anti-war protest, paris - french
government almost collapses
20 1968 appealing to the 'silent majority' and
denouncing student radicalism and protests as
unpatriotic, richard nixon wins the presidency
he promises to end the war by seeking 'peace
with honour' - during the 1968 election, he
learns of secret peace talks but gets the south
to pull out by promising them a better deal
21 nixon's war: nixon expands war 1969: orders secret bombing of cambodia to
target the Ho Chi Minh trail and increased
bombing of north vietnam1970: US and south
vietnam invade cambodia; south vietnam
invades laos 1970: begins to withdraw some
troops and announces policy of 'vietnamization'
- to get the south vietnamese to fight their own
war; to reduce US casualties
22 nixon's war 1971: secret peace talks begin again in
paris1972: north vietnam launches the 'easter
offensive', a massive invasion of the south -
north invasion is defeated; november: nixon
wins re-election against george mcgovern, an
anti-war democrat december: to force a peace,
nixon orders the 'christmas bombing' - massive
bombing campaign against north jan 1973 -
paris accord: hanoi and saigon accept
cease-fire; declare peace - withdraw from south
august 1973: congress cuts off aid to south
november: congress passes war powers
resolution, 60-day limit on military action
without the consent of congress
