2026 | COMPREHENSIVE OBSTETRIC &
PEDIATRIC NURSING STUDY GUIDE|
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers | 100% Verified
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,Separation anxiety starts around 4 to 8 months and peaks in toddlers.
Separation anxiety differs from normal clinginess. Children with the disorder can't
think about anything but the present fear of separation. They may have nightmares
or regular physical complaints. They may be reluctant to go to school or other
places.
Treatment includes talk therapy and possibly anti-anxiety medication.
Object permanence the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.
Around age of 9 months
Ways to reduce stress over hospitalization/surgery **Alleviate stress and fears: ask parents stay participate, explain the procedure,
and provide distractions
**Ways to min. stress - rooming in w/ patient [parent should be primary source for
coping & comfort], bring an object from home, draw pic to hang in room, offer
choices of watching movie or picking a game, therapeutic play, child life
specialist, guided imagery, role modeling (decrease fear and anxiety and coping
skills), move to procedure room [not in their own room]
Communicate w/ kids w/ hearing deficit sign language, pictures, turn lights on, use eye contact, get attention before
speaking, speak slowly and loud
Communicate w/ kids w/ visual deficit announce self/why you are there, follow a routine, put glasses on if applicable,
use BRIGHT lights
Communicate w/ kids w/ cognitive deficit be gentle, kind, use short directives, give praise, hold boundaries that are set
How do we communicate with children Children in general - Get to their level physically. Simple words. Eye contact. Play
to demonstrate. Approachable.
Ways to provide children with separation anxiety comfort -with favorite items or activity, distraction, parents room in or go with child to
procedures.
-Child will protest separation due to anxiety, [prep with tours and explanation, use
transitional objects] reinforce when they will see parent again.
-Despair follows due to grief of separation, detachment due to ongoing
anger/coping skills.
What will ease their stress - remember each stage has a separation, abandonment and fear of pain/unknown. [Infants from 6 mos. through
different fear as well as the 3 basic fears (example - toddler hood - fear of separation.]
Infants from 6 mos. through toddler hood - fear of
separation)
, Play is a huge component of children's communication *5 types of play
and work. Note the types of play, which play form is most • Solitary (0-2 Years) - infant/ toddlers. Adolescent. Child should be socialized.
relative to each stage of childhood, and how can you Can be at any stage, but do not want this type of play only
incorporate that into your communication and education • Parallel (2.5-3 Years) - toddlers. Two toddlers doing the same task, hasn't learned
of the hospitalized child? to play with each other. Egocentric. (two children playing together but oblivious
to the fact, don't understand the concept of someone outside of themselves)
• Associative (3-4 Years) - preschool, early child. Get together to something
accomplished, but no rules.
• Organized/cooperative (4-6 Years) - school aged/adolescents. Organized
sports, rules. Concept of rules upholding. Need moderators. Sports w/Rules
• Onlooker/Spectator (2-2.5 Years) - toddlers, young preschool. RED flag if it
continues with this type of play; autism, cognitive development problems (can see
in toddler or preschooler, but should want to participate)
The benefits of play for children - learn to socialize
-learning society rules
-communication; express thoughts
-learning fine & gross motor skills
-creativity & conceptualize
-master skills
-get stronger (muscles)
-Enables child to explore, express, solve problems
-Cognitive and Physical development, helps form independence over time.
-provides psychosocial needs of child
hypothyroidism in children a common endocrine disorder in which your child's thyroid gland does not
produce enough thyroid hormone. A child with an underactive thyroid may
experience fatigue, weight gain, constipation, decreased growth, and a host of
other issues.
hyperthyroidism in children The over-secretion of thyroid hormone leads to over-activity of your child's
metabolism and can cause weight loss, a rapid or irregular heartbeat, sweating,
nervousness, irritability, anxiety and decreased school performance. Treatment for
hyperthyroidism depends on the severity of your child's condition.
Type 1 Diabetes S+S = PPP (polydypsia, polyphagia, polyuria), lethargy, fruity breath, confusion,
blood sugar spikes, dizzy, slurred speech
Why do we need to respond quickly to Type 1 diabetes to avoid vascular issues like retina myopathy or kidney and cardiac issues
issues?
Type 1 Diabetes education Don't rotate sites as often, probably on a pump, they can still be active but you
have to give more protein/fluids/snacks or even less insulin, teach a client how to
manage themselves at early ages
Nutrition is the single most important factor in the growth physiological anorexia and physiological anemia due to the milk ingestion
and development of children - so we know that nutrition
is a concept that is seen throughout - and should be
focused on. Toddlers particularly are picky eaters - so
they may incur what