NRS 2010 Final EXAM 2026/2027 COMPLETE
QUESTION AND ANSWER 100% ACCURATE
|OAKLAND UNIVERSITY ORIGINAL
Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis (compensated
or decompensated)?
a. Serum bicarbonate
b. PaCO2
c. Serum pH
d. Urine pH
b
What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?
a. The kidneys eliminating more bicarbonate ions
b. The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions
c. The kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions
d. An increase in respiratory rate
b
Which acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases?
- Serum bicarbonate: 36.5
- PCO2: 75
- Serum pH: 7.0
a. Compensated metabolic alkalosis
b. Decompensated metabolic acidosis
c. Compensated respiratory acidosis
d. Decompensated respiratory acidosis
d
,Orthopnea is:
a. very deep, rapid respirations
b. difficulty breathing when lying down
c. waking up suddenly, coughing, and struggling for breath
d. noisy breathing with stridor or rhonchi
b
What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?
a. Rhinovirus
b. Influenza virus
c. Haemophilus influenzae
d. Pneumococcus
b
Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia?
a. Sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum
b. Insidious onset, diffuse interstitial infection
c. Viral infection causing nonproductive cough and pleuritic pain
d. Opportunistic bacteria causing low-grade fever with cough and thick greenish sputum
a
A 60-year-old is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should the nurse
expect to observe?
a. Weak pulse
b. Excessive thirst
c. Oliguria
d. Constipation
c
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:
a. retention of metabolic acids
,b. hypoaldosteronism
c. excessive loss of chloride
d. hyperventilation
c
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A
patient diagnosed with:
a. diabetes insipidus
b. pulmonary disorders
c. Cushing syndrome
d. renal failure
d
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?
a. Vomiting
b. Hyperventilation
c. Pneumonia
d. An increase in noncarbonic acids
c
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness,
shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased
CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of:
a. respiratory alkalosis
b. metabolic acidosis
c. respiratory acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis
c
, For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
a. kidney excretion of H+
b. kidney excretion of HCO3
c. prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2
d. protein buffering
a
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness,
confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased
PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
b. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation
c. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
d. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
a
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-
secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the
following assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
a. Confusion
b. Weakness
c. Nausea
d. Muscle twitching
e. Increased reflexes
a, b, c, d
A 10-year-old develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal
retractions. The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, “I cannot get
enough air.” What term should the nurse use to document this condition?
a. Dyspnea
QUESTION AND ANSWER 100% ACCURATE
|OAKLAND UNIVERSITY ORIGINAL
Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis (compensated
or decompensated)?
a. Serum bicarbonate
b. PaCO2
c. Serum pH
d. Urine pH
b
What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?
a. The kidneys eliminating more bicarbonate ions
b. The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions
c. The kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions
d. An increase in respiratory rate
b
Which acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases?
- Serum bicarbonate: 36.5
- PCO2: 75
- Serum pH: 7.0
a. Compensated metabolic alkalosis
b. Decompensated metabolic acidosis
c. Compensated respiratory acidosis
d. Decompensated respiratory acidosis
d
,Orthopnea is:
a. very deep, rapid respirations
b. difficulty breathing when lying down
c. waking up suddenly, coughing, and struggling for breath
d. noisy breathing with stridor or rhonchi
b
What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?
a. Rhinovirus
b. Influenza virus
c. Haemophilus influenzae
d. Pneumococcus
b
Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia?
a. Sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum
b. Insidious onset, diffuse interstitial infection
c. Viral infection causing nonproductive cough and pleuritic pain
d. Opportunistic bacteria causing low-grade fever with cough and thick greenish sputum
a
A 60-year-old is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should the nurse
expect to observe?
a. Weak pulse
b. Excessive thirst
c. Oliguria
d. Constipation
c
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:
a. retention of metabolic acids
,b. hypoaldosteronism
c. excessive loss of chloride
d. hyperventilation
c
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A
patient diagnosed with:
a. diabetes insipidus
b. pulmonary disorders
c. Cushing syndrome
d. renal failure
d
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?
a. Vomiting
b. Hyperventilation
c. Pneumonia
d. An increase in noncarbonic acids
c
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness,
shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased
CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of:
a. respiratory alkalosis
b. metabolic acidosis
c. respiratory acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis
c
, For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
a. kidney excretion of H+
b. kidney excretion of HCO3
c. prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2
d. protein buffering
a
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness,
confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased
PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
b. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation
c. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
d. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
a
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-
secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the
following assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
a. Confusion
b. Weakness
c. Nausea
d. Muscle twitching
e. Increased reflexes
a, b, c, d
A 10-year-old develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal
retractions. The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, “I cannot get
enough air.” What term should the nurse use to document this condition?
a. Dyspnea
