MGT 304 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Leadership - Answers - the process of influencing others to understand and agree about
what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and
collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives
Manager vs Leader - Answers - -manager is a day to day problem solver. They are
concerned with controlling the operations of the organization efficiently
-leaders- focused on developing new approaches and options for the future
-managers typically dictate while Leaders inspire and influence
Managerial Leadership - Answers - Involves both influencing followers to internalize and
commit to a set of shared goals, and facilitating the group and individual work that is
needed to accomplish those goals
adapting to situational demands
trait approach - Answers - Belief that leaders are born with the talent and abilities for
leadership
initiating structure - Answers - defining tasks for employees and focusing on goals
related more to job and group performance
consideration - Answers - the degree to which a leader shows trust, respect, and
sensitivity to employee's feelings
related more to follower satisfaction, motivation, and leader effectiveness
Path Goal Theory (PGT) - Answers - 4 leadership behaviors that motivate employees
1. directive
2. supportive
3. participative
4. achievement orientated
directive leadership - Answers - giving followers specific instructions about their tasks,
providing deadlines, setting standards for performance, and explaining rules
supportive leadership - Answers - showing consideration, being friendly and
approachable, and paying attention to the well-being of followers
,participative leadership - Answers - allowing followers to have a voice in decisions that
affect them, sharing information, inviting followers' ideas and opinions
achievement-orientated leadership - Answers - challenging followers to perform at high
levels, setting standards for excellence, showing confidence in followers' ability to reach
goals
3 elements of PGT - Answers - 1. must be challenging
2. list out the path to get there
3. you must have an expectation
Leader-member exchange (LMX) - Answers - -the quality of the working relationship
developed with each follower and is characterized by more delegation of authority to
those with high-quality LMX.
-The LMX model has shown that in a relatively short period of time, leaders decide who
is in their "in-group" and who is in their "out-group"
in-group members - Answers - group members who perform to the specifications in their
job descriptions and go above and beyond and take on extra work
out-group members - Answers - group members who perform to the specifications in
their job descriptions but don't go above and beyond and don't take on extra work
inclusive leadership - Answers - suggests that leaders help all team members feel part
of the group (belongingness) while retaining their sense of individuality (uniqueness) so
they contribute to the team atmosphere.
3 steps in developing LMX - Answers - 1. role-taking (coming in on Saturday)
2. role-making (working to become apart of in-group)
3. role-routinization (know what you're expected of)
followership - Answers - Behaviors a person engages in while interacting with leaders to
meet organizational objectives; followers are viewed as partners with leaders
attribution theory - Answers - proposes that the attributions people make about events
and behaviors can be internal or external
internal attribution - Answers - When people infer that an event or a person's behavior is
due to his or her own character traits or abilities
external attribution - Answers - The inference that a person is behaving a certain way
because of something about the situation he or she is in]
, how to avoid attribution bias - Answers - 1. Consensus information —refers to how an
individual behaves toward a certain stimulus across time and circumstances. High
consensus means others would behave the same way. Low consensus means other
people would behave differently.
2. Distinctiveness information—information about the extent to which the individual
behaves the same way in different situations. Low in distinctiveness means the
individual behaves the same way in different situations. High in distinctiveness means
the individual behaves a particular way toward a particular situation only.
3. Consistency information—information about how the individual behaves toward a
certain stimulus across time and circumstances. High in consistency means the
individual behaves the same way almost every time they are in a particular situation.
just-world hypothesis - Answers - the belief that people get what they deserve in life and
deserve what they get
self-serving bias - Answers - Attributes success to internal attributions and failures to
external
mentoring - Answers - intense developmental relationship whereby advice, counseling,
and developmental opportunities are provided to a protégé by a mentor, which, in turn,
shapes the protégé's career experiences
provide general and social support
Consensus information refers to how an individual behaves toward a certain stimulus
across time and circumstances. T/F? - Answers - false
calculus based trust - Answers - a form of trust based upon keeping record of what
another person does for you and what you do for them
knowledge based trust - Answers - trust grounded in experience of how predictable the
other person is
identification based trust - Answers - form of trust characterized by the leader and
follower sharing the same goals and objectives
3 important questions to ask after a trust violation has occurred - Answers - 1. Is the
trustee innocent or guilty of committing the transgression?
2. If the trustee is guilty of the transgression, should this be attributed to the situation or
to the person?
3. If the transgression is attributed at least in part to the person, is the personal
shortcoming fixable or is it an enduring characteristic of the trustee?
ANSWERS
Leadership - Answers - the process of influencing others to understand and agree about
what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and
collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives
Manager vs Leader - Answers - -manager is a day to day problem solver. They are
concerned with controlling the operations of the organization efficiently
-leaders- focused on developing new approaches and options for the future
-managers typically dictate while Leaders inspire and influence
Managerial Leadership - Answers - Involves both influencing followers to internalize and
commit to a set of shared goals, and facilitating the group and individual work that is
needed to accomplish those goals
adapting to situational demands
trait approach - Answers - Belief that leaders are born with the talent and abilities for
leadership
initiating structure - Answers - defining tasks for employees and focusing on goals
related more to job and group performance
consideration - Answers - the degree to which a leader shows trust, respect, and
sensitivity to employee's feelings
related more to follower satisfaction, motivation, and leader effectiveness
Path Goal Theory (PGT) - Answers - 4 leadership behaviors that motivate employees
1. directive
2. supportive
3. participative
4. achievement orientated
directive leadership - Answers - giving followers specific instructions about their tasks,
providing deadlines, setting standards for performance, and explaining rules
supportive leadership - Answers - showing consideration, being friendly and
approachable, and paying attention to the well-being of followers
,participative leadership - Answers - allowing followers to have a voice in decisions that
affect them, sharing information, inviting followers' ideas and opinions
achievement-orientated leadership - Answers - challenging followers to perform at high
levels, setting standards for excellence, showing confidence in followers' ability to reach
goals
3 elements of PGT - Answers - 1. must be challenging
2. list out the path to get there
3. you must have an expectation
Leader-member exchange (LMX) - Answers - -the quality of the working relationship
developed with each follower and is characterized by more delegation of authority to
those with high-quality LMX.
-The LMX model has shown that in a relatively short period of time, leaders decide who
is in their "in-group" and who is in their "out-group"
in-group members - Answers - group members who perform to the specifications in their
job descriptions and go above and beyond and take on extra work
out-group members - Answers - group members who perform to the specifications in
their job descriptions but don't go above and beyond and don't take on extra work
inclusive leadership - Answers - suggests that leaders help all team members feel part
of the group (belongingness) while retaining their sense of individuality (uniqueness) so
they contribute to the team atmosphere.
3 steps in developing LMX - Answers - 1. role-taking (coming in on Saturday)
2. role-making (working to become apart of in-group)
3. role-routinization (know what you're expected of)
followership - Answers - Behaviors a person engages in while interacting with leaders to
meet organizational objectives; followers are viewed as partners with leaders
attribution theory - Answers - proposes that the attributions people make about events
and behaviors can be internal or external
internal attribution - Answers - When people infer that an event or a person's behavior is
due to his or her own character traits or abilities
external attribution - Answers - The inference that a person is behaving a certain way
because of something about the situation he or she is in]
, how to avoid attribution bias - Answers - 1. Consensus information —refers to how an
individual behaves toward a certain stimulus across time and circumstances. High
consensus means others would behave the same way. Low consensus means other
people would behave differently.
2. Distinctiveness information—information about the extent to which the individual
behaves the same way in different situations. Low in distinctiveness means the
individual behaves the same way in different situations. High in distinctiveness means
the individual behaves a particular way toward a particular situation only.
3. Consistency information—information about how the individual behaves toward a
certain stimulus across time and circumstances. High in consistency means the
individual behaves the same way almost every time they are in a particular situation.
just-world hypothesis - Answers - the belief that people get what they deserve in life and
deserve what they get
self-serving bias - Answers - Attributes success to internal attributions and failures to
external
mentoring - Answers - intense developmental relationship whereby advice, counseling,
and developmental opportunities are provided to a protégé by a mentor, which, in turn,
shapes the protégé's career experiences
provide general and social support
Consensus information refers to how an individual behaves toward a certain stimulus
across time and circumstances. T/F? - Answers - false
calculus based trust - Answers - a form of trust based upon keeping record of what
another person does for you and what you do for them
knowledge based trust - Answers - trust grounded in experience of how predictable the
other person is
identification based trust - Answers - form of trust characterized by the leader and
follower sharing the same goals and objectives
3 important questions to ask after a trust violation has occurred - Answers - 1. Is the
trustee innocent or guilty of committing the transgression?
2. If the trustee is guilty of the transgression, should this be attributed to the situation or
to the person?
3. If the transgression is attributed at least in part to the person, is the personal
shortcoming fixable or is it an enduring characteristic of the trustee?
