Instructor Manual for The
Cultural Mindset Managing
People Across Cultures 1st Edition
By Afsaneh Nahavandi
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Instructor Manual for The Cultural Mindset Managing People Across Cultures 1st Edition By Afsaneh Nahavandi
, Instructor Manual for The Cultural Mindset Managing People Across Cultures 1st Edition By Afsaneh Nahavandi
Table Of Contents
1. The Impact of Culture on
Managing Organizations
2. The Cultural Mindset
3. The Role of Cognitive Processes
in Cross-Cultural Management
4. Views of Culture and
Acculturation
5. Managing Diverse Groups
6. Gender in Organizations
7. Culture as Value Orientation
8. Cultural Dimensions In
Management and Leadership
9. Leadership and Culture
10. Motivating People and Leading
Multi-Cultural Teams
11. Managing Organizational
Strategic Forces and Processes
12. Crossing the Threshold:
Developing a Cultural Mindset
Instructor Manual for The Cultural Mindset Managing People Across Cultures 1st Edition By Afsaneh Nahavandi
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Part I: Introduction
Chapter 1: The Impact of Culture on Managing Organizations
Chapter Learning Objectives
1. Explore how the complexity and diversity of today’s world impact business and
management.
2. Define the concept of culture and its characteristics.
3. Present the components and levels of culture.
4. Compare and contrast culture with other determinants of behavior.
5. Elaborate on the sources and purpose of culture.
6. Examine the critical challenges with the concept of culture.
7. Introduce the cognitive approach to cross-cultural management and explain the themes of
culture-as-meta-context (CMC), culture-just-is (CJI), and the Cultural Mindset (CM).
Chapter Summary
The primary goal of this chapter is to introduce the topic of culture, define key terminology, and
introduce the themes that will be used throughout the book while demonstrating the diversity of
culture and its importance to organizations and managers. Globalization and increased connections
reinforce the fact that the world is complex and diverse requiring all of us to learn to work more
effectively across cultures. All the while a critical paradox that is that the reliable rules that we
develop and rely on in our own culture (our small world) do not necessarily apply in other contexts
(larger worlds) that are unfamiliar.
The key characteristics of culture include an organized system that is complex, multifaceted,
unique to each group, both stable and dynamic, transmitted and learned and used to make sense of
the world, and guide behavior. The components of culture are deep assumptions, beliefs, values,
and behaviors and can be represented by an iceberg where the latter two are often both significant
and hidden from view and not accessible to outsiders. Culture, nationality, race, and ethnicity can
be explained by considering whether they are genetic or learned and whether they are individual
or group-related. Culture is divided into three levels of national, regional, and group with each
having the potential to impact people. Culture develops as a result of history and adaptation to the
physical environment and allows a group of people to understand and interpret events and provides
them with guidelines to behavior. The concept of culture presents several challenges including its
vagueness, the tendency to essentialize and overgeneralize, and the use of sophisticated stereotypes
that may lead to error. Additionally, equating country, nationality, and culture can be problematic.
Instructor Manual for The Cultural Mindset Managing People Across Cultures 1st Edition By Afsaneh Nahavandi
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It is important to apply the concept of culture to groups rather than individuals and use them
descriptively and as general prototypes that provide a starting point to understanding others.
Culture acts as meta-context (CMC) means that culture provides a higher level and broad setting
and is a guide to behavior. Moreover, all cultures exist and have a critical function for their
members; culture-just-is (CJI). To be effective across cultures, people need to develop a Cultural
Mindset (CM) where they are aware of their own and others’ cultures and their impact and use that
information to make decisions. CM allows people to Think-Know-Do across cultures.
End of Chapter Activities, Assessments, and Exercises
Managerial Challenge: The Unresponsive Team Members
1. What is your assessment of the situation?
It is clear that the non-U.S. members of the group are not willing or able to provide their
suggestions. Their reluctance may have several causes. It may be because of their personality,
their level of experience, the lack of understanding of the situation, and what the manager is
asking or because of their cultural values. The manager should be careful to consider all
alternatives before jumping to conclusions.
2. What are some of the cultural factors that you want to consider?
The response of the team members, in this case, may be partly determined by their cultural
expectations and values regarding the power and role of a manager and leader. While the
manager is asking for contributions, both Chinese and Middle Eastern employees are likely
from cultures where there is high respect for authority and expectations that managers are
supposed to have and provide directions and answers. The U.S. employees are used to
providing input when asked; such practices are common in most U.S. companies. However, in
cultures where managers are considered to have higher power and expertise, employees do not
typically expect to have input. Additionally, the U.S. manager is pushing for fast responses
with a short deadline, another factor that may be difficult for employees who are used to longer
response times and longer deadlines.
The values of power distance and time orientation that will be discussed later in the book are
key factors here.
3. What should you do?
Instructor Manual for The Cultural Mindset Managing People Across Cultures 1st Edition By Afsaneh Nahavandi