PHYSIOLOGY OF THE KIDNEYS
Ch.17
# Term Definition
1 Kidneys have an inner adrenal False. Medulla is made up of NERVOUS tissue and
medulla made up of glandular Cortex is made up of GLANDULAR tissue.
tissue and an outer adrenal cortex
made up of nervous tissue.
2 The primary function of the kidney True. (extracellular! not intracellular)
is to regulate the extracellular
fluid environment in the body.
3 Urine is actually plasma that has True.
been filtered and modified by the
kidney tubules.
4 The urethra collects urine from False. URETERS conduct urine to the bladder. The
the renal pelvis for transport to urethra takes urine from the bladder out of the
the urinary bladder. body.
5 The functional unit of the kidney True.
that is responsible for the
formation of urine is the nephron.
6 The glomerulus is the structure True
that is thought of as the "filter" of
the kidney since it forms a fluid
called filtrate (or ultrafiltrate) from
blood.
7 Total urine production each day is False. Total urine production is less than GFR
greater than daily glomerular because the majority of fluid is reabsorbed.
filtration rate (GFR).
8 When blood pressure falls, True.
sympathetic nerve activity
vasoconstricts afferent arterioles
while renal autoregulation will
vasodilate the afferent
arterioles—working to maintain a
constant flow of blood to the
kidney
, PHYSIOLOGY OF THE KIDNEYS
# Term Definition
9 The tubuloglomerular feedback True.
process describes how the macula
densa detects increased
glomerular filtrate flow and
stimulates constriction of the
arteriole to decrease the rate of
glomerular filtration.
10 The osmolality of the glomerular True.
filtrate as it exits the glomerulus
and enters the proximal
convoluted tubule is essentially
the same as that of plasma at 300
mOsm/L and is thus isosmotic
with the plasma.
11 Aldosterone is a mineralcorticoid True. Aldosterone acts on kidney nephrons to
which functions to regulate Na+ in stimualte Na+ reabsorption. As Na+ is
extracellular fluids. reabsorbed, the blood [Na+] increases, [K+] of
the blood decreases and the overall blood
volume increases. Hence, release of aldosterone
INCREASES BP.
12 Kidneys release renin when blood False. Renin triggers the release of aldosterone,
pressure increases. so it is released when BP DECREASES.
13 Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) True.
inhibits the renin-aldosterone
system, decreasing aldosterone
release.
14 Cortisol is a mineralcorticoid Falso. Cortisol is a GLUCOcorticoid.
essential to life.
15 Hypersecretion of cortisol can lead True. Cushing's syndrome results from loss of
to a decreased immune response muscle and bone and causes a moon face and
and Cushing's syndrome. redistribution of fat.
16 Hyposecretion of cortisol results in True. Addison's disease results in weight loss and
Addison's disease. decreased BP.
17 Androgen is a gonadocorticoid. True.
Ch.17
# Term Definition
1 Kidneys have an inner adrenal False. Medulla is made up of NERVOUS tissue and
medulla made up of glandular Cortex is made up of GLANDULAR tissue.
tissue and an outer adrenal cortex
made up of nervous tissue.
2 The primary function of the kidney True. (extracellular! not intracellular)
is to regulate the extracellular
fluid environment in the body.
3 Urine is actually plasma that has True.
been filtered and modified by the
kidney tubules.
4 The urethra collects urine from False. URETERS conduct urine to the bladder. The
the renal pelvis for transport to urethra takes urine from the bladder out of the
the urinary bladder. body.
5 The functional unit of the kidney True.
that is responsible for the
formation of urine is the nephron.
6 The glomerulus is the structure True
that is thought of as the "filter" of
the kidney since it forms a fluid
called filtrate (or ultrafiltrate) from
blood.
7 Total urine production each day is False. Total urine production is less than GFR
greater than daily glomerular because the majority of fluid is reabsorbed.
filtration rate (GFR).
8 When blood pressure falls, True.
sympathetic nerve activity
vasoconstricts afferent arterioles
while renal autoregulation will
vasodilate the afferent
arterioles—working to maintain a
constant flow of blood to the
kidney
, PHYSIOLOGY OF THE KIDNEYS
# Term Definition
9 The tubuloglomerular feedback True.
process describes how the macula
densa detects increased
glomerular filtrate flow and
stimulates constriction of the
arteriole to decrease the rate of
glomerular filtration.
10 The osmolality of the glomerular True.
filtrate as it exits the glomerulus
and enters the proximal
convoluted tubule is essentially
the same as that of plasma at 300
mOsm/L and is thus isosmotic
with the plasma.
11 Aldosterone is a mineralcorticoid True. Aldosterone acts on kidney nephrons to
which functions to regulate Na+ in stimualte Na+ reabsorption. As Na+ is
extracellular fluids. reabsorbed, the blood [Na+] increases, [K+] of
the blood decreases and the overall blood
volume increases. Hence, release of aldosterone
INCREASES BP.
12 Kidneys release renin when blood False. Renin triggers the release of aldosterone,
pressure increases. so it is released when BP DECREASES.
13 Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) True.
inhibits the renin-aldosterone
system, decreasing aldosterone
release.
14 Cortisol is a mineralcorticoid Falso. Cortisol is a GLUCOcorticoid.
essential to life.
15 Hypersecretion of cortisol can lead True. Cushing's syndrome results from loss of
to a decreased immune response muscle and bone and causes a moon face and
and Cushing's syndrome. redistribution of fat.
16 Hyposecretion of cortisol results in True. Addison's disease results in weight loss and
Addison's disease. decreased BP.
17 Androgen is a gonadocorticoid. True.
