NR 224 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING MIDTERM EXAM: FOUNDATIONS OF
NURSING: FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS AND CONCEPTS | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY |
2026/2027 | 50 Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | MULTIPLE-CHOICE - GRADED A+
INSTRUCTIONS
Select the single best answer for each question.
Each question has one correct answer and three plausible distractors.
Questions cover foundational nursing concepts, vital signs, infection control, mobility, hygiene, medication
administration, safety, and basic care.
Assume standard adult parameters unless otherwise specified.
SECTION I: NURSING FOUNDATIONS & CRITICAL THINKING (Questions 1–8)
Q1 (NR224-Mid-01). The nurse is using the nursing process to plan care for a patient. Which step of the
nursing process involves determining whether the patient's goals have been met?
A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Planning
D) Evaluation
Answer: D
Rationale: Evaluation is the step of the nursing process that measures the effectiveness of interventions and
determines if goals have been met. Assessment (A) is data collection. Diagnosis (B) is identifying problems.
Planning (C) is developing goals.
Reference: Potter PA, Perry AG, Stockert PA, Hall AM. Fundamentals of Nursing. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2023.
Bloom Level: Comprehension
, NR 224 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING MIDTERM EXAM: FOUNDATIONS OF
NURSING: FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS AND CONCEPTS | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY |
2026/2027 | 50 Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | MULTIPLE-CHOICE - GRADED A+
Q2 (NR224-Mid-02). The nurse is caring for a patient who is confused and trying to remove their IV line.
Which action should the nurse take first?
A) Apply soft restraints after obtaining an order
B) Restrain the patient without an order
C) Ignore the patient's behavior
D) Tell the patient to stop removing the IV
Answer: A
Rationale: Restraints should only be used when necessary and with a provider's order. Option B is not legally
permitted. Option C is unsafe. Option D is not effective for a confused patient.
Reference: Potter PA, Perry AG, Stockert PA, Hall AM. Fundamentals of Nursing. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2023.
Bloom Level: Evaluation
Q3 (NR224-Mid-03). The nurse is prioritizing care for four patients. Which patient should the nurse assess
first?
A) A 68-year-old male with pneumonia who has a fever of 38.5°C (101.3°F)
B) A 72-year-old female with heart failure who has new-onset confusion and oxygen saturation of 88%
C) A 55-year-old male with diabetes who has a blood glucose of 180 mg/dL
D) A 45-year-old female post-appendectomy who reports pain of 6/10
Answer: B
, NR 224 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING MIDTERM EXAM: FOUNDATIONS OF
NURSING: FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS AND CONCEPTS | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY |
2026/2027 | 50 Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | MULTIPLE-CHOICE - GRADED A+
Rationale: New-onset confusion with hypoxemia in a heart failure patient suggests possible worsening
respiratory status, hypoxia, or acute decompensation requiring immediate assessment. Fever (A), glucose 180
(C), and pain (D) are stable findings.
Reference: Potter PA, Perry AG, Stockert PA, Hall AM. Fundamentals of Nursing. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2023.
Bloom Level: Evaluation
Q4 (NR224-Mid-04). The nurse is documenting patient care. Which statement reflects objective
documentation?
A) "Patient appears anxious and is grimacing."
B) "Patient states, 'I am in pain,' and is crying."
C) "Patient is in severe pain."
D) "Patient is uncooperative and difficult."
Answer: B
Rationale: Objective documentation includes factual, observable, and measurable data. Option B includes the
patient's direct quote and observable behavior. Options A, C, and D contain subjective interpretations and
judgments.
Reference: Potter PA, Perry AG, Stockert PA, Hall AM. Fundamentals of Nursing. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2023.
Bloom Level: Analysis
Q5 (NR224-Mid-05). According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which patient need should the nurse address
first?
, NR 224 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING MIDTERM EXAM: FOUNDATIONS OF
NURSING: FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS AND CONCEPTS | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY |
2026/2027 | 50 Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | MULTIPLE-CHOICE - GRADED A+
A) A patient who is anxious about upcoming surgery
B) A patient who has difficulty breathing
C) A patient who feels isolated from family
D) A patient who wants to learn about smoking cessation
Answer: B
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy of needs prioritizes physiological needs (air, food, water, shelter) before safety,
love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Difficulty breathing (B) is a physiological need and should be
addressed first. Anxiety (A) is a psychological need. Isolation (C) is love/belonging. Smoking cessation (D) is
self-actualization.
Reference: Maslow AH. Motivation and Personality. Harper & Row; 1954.
Bloom Level: Evaluation
Q6 (NR224-Mid-06). The nurse is preparing to delegate tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which
task is appropriate to delegate?
A) Obtaining vital signs on a stable post-operative patient
B) Assessing a patient who reports chest pain
C) Administering oral medications to a stable patient
D) Teaching a patient how to use an incentive spirometer
Answer: A
Rationale: UAPs can obtain vital signs on stable patients. Assessment (B), medication administration (C), and
teaching (D) are nursing responsibilities that cannot be delegated.
NURSING: FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS AND CONCEPTS | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY |
2026/2027 | 50 Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | MULTIPLE-CHOICE - GRADED A+
INSTRUCTIONS
Select the single best answer for each question.
Each question has one correct answer and three plausible distractors.
Questions cover foundational nursing concepts, vital signs, infection control, mobility, hygiene, medication
administration, safety, and basic care.
Assume standard adult parameters unless otherwise specified.
SECTION I: NURSING FOUNDATIONS & CRITICAL THINKING (Questions 1–8)
Q1 (NR224-Mid-01). The nurse is using the nursing process to plan care for a patient. Which step of the
nursing process involves determining whether the patient's goals have been met?
A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Planning
D) Evaluation
Answer: D
Rationale: Evaluation is the step of the nursing process that measures the effectiveness of interventions and
determines if goals have been met. Assessment (A) is data collection. Diagnosis (B) is identifying problems.
Planning (C) is developing goals.
Reference: Potter PA, Perry AG, Stockert PA, Hall AM. Fundamentals of Nursing. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2023.
Bloom Level: Comprehension
, NR 224 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING MIDTERM EXAM: FOUNDATIONS OF
NURSING: FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS AND CONCEPTS | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY |
2026/2027 | 50 Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | MULTIPLE-CHOICE - GRADED A+
Q2 (NR224-Mid-02). The nurse is caring for a patient who is confused and trying to remove their IV line.
Which action should the nurse take first?
A) Apply soft restraints after obtaining an order
B) Restrain the patient without an order
C) Ignore the patient's behavior
D) Tell the patient to stop removing the IV
Answer: A
Rationale: Restraints should only be used when necessary and with a provider's order. Option B is not legally
permitted. Option C is unsafe. Option D is not effective for a confused patient.
Reference: Potter PA, Perry AG, Stockert PA, Hall AM. Fundamentals of Nursing. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2023.
Bloom Level: Evaluation
Q3 (NR224-Mid-03). The nurse is prioritizing care for four patients. Which patient should the nurse assess
first?
A) A 68-year-old male with pneumonia who has a fever of 38.5°C (101.3°F)
B) A 72-year-old female with heart failure who has new-onset confusion and oxygen saturation of 88%
C) A 55-year-old male with diabetes who has a blood glucose of 180 mg/dL
D) A 45-year-old female post-appendectomy who reports pain of 6/10
Answer: B
, NR 224 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING MIDTERM EXAM: FOUNDATIONS OF
NURSING: FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS AND CONCEPTS | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY |
2026/2027 | 50 Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | MULTIPLE-CHOICE - GRADED A+
Rationale: New-onset confusion with hypoxemia in a heart failure patient suggests possible worsening
respiratory status, hypoxia, or acute decompensation requiring immediate assessment. Fever (A), glucose 180
(C), and pain (D) are stable findings.
Reference: Potter PA, Perry AG, Stockert PA, Hall AM. Fundamentals of Nursing. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2023.
Bloom Level: Evaluation
Q4 (NR224-Mid-04). The nurse is documenting patient care. Which statement reflects objective
documentation?
A) "Patient appears anxious and is grimacing."
B) "Patient states, 'I am in pain,' and is crying."
C) "Patient is in severe pain."
D) "Patient is uncooperative and difficult."
Answer: B
Rationale: Objective documentation includes factual, observable, and measurable data. Option B includes the
patient's direct quote and observable behavior. Options A, C, and D contain subjective interpretations and
judgments.
Reference: Potter PA, Perry AG, Stockert PA, Hall AM. Fundamentals of Nursing. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2023.
Bloom Level: Analysis
Q5 (NR224-Mid-05). According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which patient need should the nurse address
first?
, NR 224 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING MIDTERM EXAM: FOUNDATIONS OF
NURSING: FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS AND CONCEPTS | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY |
2026/2027 | 50 Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | MULTIPLE-CHOICE - GRADED A+
A) A patient who is anxious about upcoming surgery
B) A patient who has difficulty breathing
C) A patient who feels isolated from family
D) A patient who wants to learn about smoking cessation
Answer: B
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy of needs prioritizes physiological needs (air, food, water, shelter) before safety,
love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Difficulty breathing (B) is a physiological need and should be
addressed first. Anxiety (A) is a psychological need. Isolation (C) is love/belonging. Smoking cessation (D) is
self-actualization.
Reference: Maslow AH. Motivation and Personality. Harper & Row; 1954.
Bloom Level: Evaluation
Q6 (NR224-Mid-06). The nurse is preparing to delegate tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which
task is appropriate to delegate?
A) Obtaining vital signs on a stable post-operative patient
B) Assessing a patient who reports chest pain
C) Administering oral medications to a stable patient
D) Teaching a patient how to use an incentive spirometer
Answer: A
Rationale: UAPs can obtain vital signs on stable patients. Assessment (B), medication administration (C), and
teaching (D) are nursing responsibilities that cannot be delegated.
