Nightingale Pathophysiology Midterm EXAM NEWEST, 2025/
2026, ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A
dentify theI clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism and hyperaldosteronism ......answer.....hyperthyroidism - heat
intolerance, tremor, palpitations, anxiety, weight loss despite a normal or increased appetite, increased frequency of bowel
movements, and shortness of breath. Goiter is commonly found on physical examination. hyperaldosteronism - High blood
pressure. Low level of potassium in the blood.
Feeling tired all the time.
Describe the events that lead to a thyroid storm ......answer.....your thyroid suddenly produces and releases large amounts
of thyroid hormone. It's usually caused by a sudden event or illness such as surgery or an infection.
Liver ......answer.....Which organ is most frequently affected by chronic alcohol
(ethanol) injury?
Gunshot wounds ......answer.....The nurse documents "tattooing and stippling" in a trauma patient. Which type of injury
does the patient have?
an avulsion ......answer.....When a patient has an extreme laceration (laceration with a flap), which medical term should the
nurse document on the chart?
T and B lymphocytes ......answer.....A patient with a combined immune deficiency lacks:
arthralgia, anemia, and rash. ......answer.....When assessing the patient with SLE, the nurse should expect to identify:
Type 1 ......answer.....Your patient is having a reaction to a bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity are they displaying?
neutrophils and macrophages ......answer.....The major phagocytic cells in inflammation are:
It controls clotting by breaking down fibrin ......answer.....What is the role of plasmin in the inflammatory response cycle?
skin and mucous membranes ......answer.....Among the many innate defenses the body has to pathogens, the first line of
defense is the:
Interferon ......answer.....Which substance is released during a viral infection and signals neighboring cells to enhance viral
defenses?
Engulfment ......answer.....What term is used to describe the process of endocytosis?
Thymus ......answer.....DiGeorge syndrome is characterized by absence or underdevelopment of which organ?
Women 20-40 years old ......answer.....You are planning a community teaching event about systemic lupus eruthematosus
(SLE). To which population should your teaching primarily target?
1
, Both parents could be carriers ......answer.....A couple has two offspring; one child has an autosomal recessive disease
trait and one is normal. What most likely conclusions can the nurse make about the parents?
Lipids in the nerve cells of the brain ......answer.....When teaching staff Tay-Sachs disease, which information should the
nurse include? Tay-Sachs disease results in the accumulation of:
Tissue damage by antioxidants ......answer.....Which statement by a nursing student indicates the need for further teaching?
Free radical injury can be caused by:
All of the above (Low birth weight, mental retardation, facial abnormalities) ......answer.....When an infant has been identified
as having fetal exposure to alcohol, which assessment parameters should be considered?
An individual who is heterozygous for a gene has: ......answer.....alleles at a given locus that are different from one another.
The nurse is caring for a new mother who just gave birth to a baby with Down syndrome. The nurse explains that this
syndrome is a result of trisomy with which chromosome? ......answer.....21 (the karyotype of an individual with Down
syndrome shows trisomy 21.)
When the clinician is discussing the DNA helix, which information should be included? In the DNA helix, guanine pairs with:
......answer.....Cytosine
A nurse recalls that adaptive cellular mechanisms function is to: ......answer.....Protect cells from injury
The geneticist is teaching a class that includes information about DNA. Which information should be included? DNA
contains: ......answer.....the genetic code for all parts of the body.
What is the roll of plasmid in the inflammatory response cycle? ......answer.....It controls clotting by breaking down fibrin.
A patient has a complement deficiency of C5 and C7. The nurse should monitor this patient for infections caused by:
......answer.....Neisseria
What term does the nurse use to describe the exudate that is characterized by the movement of watery fluid, containing few
cells and little protein? ......answer.....Serous
While discussing the complement system, which information should the nurse include? The alternative pathway of the
complement system is activated by: ......answer.....Bacteria
A nurse wants to teach about the most common primary immune deficiency condition. Which of the following should the
nurse describe?
......answer.....Common variable immune deficiency
A patient asks a nurse what leukotrienes do. Which of the following is the best answer? ......answer.....Cause increased
vascular permeability
2
2026, ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A
dentify theI clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism and hyperaldosteronism ......answer.....hyperthyroidism - heat
intolerance, tremor, palpitations, anxiety, weight loss despite a normal or increased appetite, increased frequency of bowel
movements, and shortness of breath. Goiter is commonly found on physical examination. hyperaldosteronism - High blood
pressure. Low level of potassium in the blood.
Feeling tired all the time.
Describe the events that lead to a thyroid storm ......answer.....your thyroid suddenly produces and releases large amounts
of thyroid hormone. It's usually caused by a sudden event or illness such as surgery or an infection.
Liver ......answer.....Which organ is most frequently affected by chronic alcohol
(ethanol) injury?
Gunshot wounds ......answer.....The nurse documents "tattooing and stippling" in a trauma patient. Which type of injury
does the patient have?
an avulsion ......answer.....When a patient has an extreme laceration (laceration with a flap), which medical term should the
nurse document on the chart?
T and B lymphocytes ......answer.....A patient with a combined immune deficiency lacks:
arthralgia, anemia, and rash. ......answer.....When assessing the patient with SLE, the nurse should expect to identify:
Type 1 ......answer.....Your patient is having a reaction to a bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity are they displaying?
neutrophils and macrophages ......answer.....The major phagocytic cells in inflammation are:
It controls clotting by breaking down fibrin ......answer.....What is the role of plasmin in the inflammatory response cycle?
skin and mucous membranes ......answer.....Among the many innate defenses the body has to pathogens, the first line of
defense is the:
Interferon ......answer.....Which substance is released during a viral infection and signals neighboring cells to enhance viral
defenses?
Engulfment ......answer.....What term is used to describe the process of endocytosis?
Thymus ......answer.....DiGeorge syndrome is characterized by absence or underdevelopment of which organ?
Women 20-40 years old ......answer.....You are planning a community teaching event about systemic lupus eruthematosus
(SLE). To which population should your teaching primarily target?
1
, Both parents could be carriers ......answer.....A couple has two offspring; one child has an autosomal recessive disease
trait and one is normal. What most likely conclusions can the nurse make about the parents?
Lipids in the nerve cells of the brain ......answer.....When teaching staff Tay-Sachs disease, which information should the
nurse include? Tay-Sachs disease results in the accumulation of:
Tissue damage by antioxidants ......answer.....Which statement by a nursing student indicates the need for further teaching?
Free radical injury can be caused by:
All of the above (Low birth weight, mental retardation, facial abnormalities) ......answer.....When an infant has been identified
as having fetal exposure to alcohol, which assessment parameters should be considered?
An individual who is heterozygous for a gene has: ......answer.....alleles at a given locus that are different from one another.
The nurse is caring for a new mother who just gave birth to a baby with Down syndrome. The nurse explains that this
syndrome is a result of trisomy with which chromosome? ......answer.....21 (the karyotype of an individual with Down
syndrome shows trisomy 21.)
When the clinician is discussing the DNA helix, which information should be included? In the DNA helix, guanine pairs with:
......answer.....Cytosine
A nurse recalls that adaptive cellular mechanisms function is to: ......answer.....Protect cells from injury
The geneticist is teaching a class that includes information about DNA. Which information should be included? DNA
contains: ......answer.....the genetic code for all parts of the body.
What is the roll of plasmid in the inflammatory response cycle? ......answer.....It controls clotting by breaking down fibrin.
A patient has a complement deficiency of C5 and C7. The nurse should monitor this patient for infections caused by:
......answer.....Neisseria
What term does the nurse use to describe the exudate that is characterized by the movement of watery fluid, containing few
cells and little protein? ......answer.....Serous
While discussing the complement system, which information should the nurse include? The alternative pathway of the
complement system is activated by: ......answer.....Bacteria
A nurse wants to teach about the most common primary immune deficiency condition. Which of the following should the
nurse describe?
......answer.....Common variable immune deficiency
A patient asks a nurse what leukotrienes do. Which of the following is the best answer? ......answer.....Cause increased
vascular permeability
2
