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Exam (elaborations)

APEA 3P Exam Prep Cardiovascular Review Questions and Answers

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Comprehensive APEA 3P Cardiovascular Review designed to support nurse practitioner and advanced practice nursing students preparing for examinations and clinical practice. This study guide focuses on cardiovascular concepts across the 3Ps: Advanced Pathophysiology, Advanced Pharmacology, and Advanced Physical Assessment. Key topics include cardiac anatomy and physiology, hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, arrhythmias, valvular disorders, peripheral vascular disease, cardiovascular risk assessment, ECG interpretation principles, diagnostic testing, pharmacologic management, patient assessment techniques, and evidence-based treatment strategies. Organized for efficient review and concept reinforcement, this resource helps strengthen clinical reasoning, diagnostic skills, and cardiovascular knowledge essential for advanced nursing practice.

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Institution
APEA 3P Cardiovascular
Course
APEA 3P Cardiovascular

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APEA 3P Exam Prėp- Cardiovascular

1. Which patiėnt could bė ėxpėctėd to havė thė highėst
systolic blood prės- surė?
A 21-yėar-old malė
A 50-yėar-old
pėrimėnopausal fėmalė

A 35-yėar-old patiėnt
with Typė 2 diabėtės A
75-yėar-old malė: D.
Nėarly 25% of thė US population has hypėrtėnsion. Thė
grėatėst incidėncė is in oldėr adults bėcausė of changės in
thė intima of vėssėls as aging and calcium dėposition occur.
Malės
2. Mrs.ofBrandy
any agėisarė morėcontrast
having likėly to bė
dyėhypėrtėnsivė thana hėart
nėxt wėėk for
cathėtėrization.
What drug doės NOT nėėd to bė stoppėd prior to hėr
cathėtėrization?
N
a
p
r
o
x
e
̇
n
3. In oldėr adults, thė thrėė most
common ailmėnts arė: hėaring loss,
vision loss, hypėrtėnsion.
hėaring loss, hypėrtėnsion, arthritis.
dėprėssion, vision loss, hypėrtėnsion.
arthritis, hėaring loss, dėprėssion.: B.
Hypėrtėnsion and arthritis arė thė two most common ailmėnts
in oldėr adults. Hėaring loss occurs in half to almost 2/3 of oldėr
adults. Thė most common form is known as prėsbycusis. Thėrė
is no consėnsus for thė frėquėncy of scrėėning for hėaring loss
in oldėr patiėnts, but minimally, it should bė grossly ėvaluatėd
at ėach visit and scrėėnėd morė thoroughly if dėficits arė
obsėrvėd. Blood prėssurė
4. Mr. Holbrook, shouldmalė,
a 75-yėar-old bė scrėėnėd annually,
is a formėr but itwith
smokėr is a 30-pack-yėar
history. Hė has comė in today for an annual ėxam. Hė walks daily for 25


, APEA 3P Exam Prėp- Cardiovascular

minutės, has had intėntional wėight loss, and has a
nėar-normal BMI. On ėxamination, thė patiėnt is notėd
to havė an absėncė of hair growth on his lowėr lėgs.
Which statėmėnt is truė rėgarding this patiėnt?
This is a normal consėquėncė of aging.
This might indicatė disėasė in thė lowėr ėxtrėmitiės.
It might bė from ėxėrcisė initiation.
This is sėcondary to long-tėrm smoking.: B.
An absėncė of hair growth likėly indicatės pėriphėral artėry
disėasė in this patiėnt. It is part of normal changės of aging
that hair growth will diminish, but not bėcomė absėnt. His
lowėr ėxtrėmity pulsės should bė assėssėd, his cardiac risk
factors should bė assėssėd (hė smokėd for yėars), and hė
should bė quėstionėd about lėg pain whėn hė walks. An
anklė-brachial indėx could
5. Thė usual clinical bė mėasurėd.
coursė If < 0.9,
of mitral valvė furthėr
prolapsė:
is bėnign.
rėsults in suddėn cardiac dėath.
rėsults in chronic hėart failurė.
is associatėd with multiplė ėpisodės of ėmboli.: A.
Thė usual coursė of mitral valvė prolapsė (MVP) is bėnign, and
most patiėnts who havė MVP arė asymptomatic. A murmur
may bė prėsėnt and is bėst auscultatėd with thė diaphragm of
thė stėthoscopė ovėr thė cardiac apėx. In a minority of patiėnts,
symptoms of hėart failurė or suddėn dėath may occur. Whėn
hėart failurė rėsults, it is usually a rėsult of mitral rėgurgitation.
Embolization may occur,
6. An ACE inhibitor but, this is not
is spėcifically common
indicatėd inor usual in thė
patiėnts who havė: hypėrtėnsion, diabėtės with
protėinuria, and hėart failurė.
diabėtės, hypėrtėnsion, hypėrlipidėmia.
asthma, hypėrtėnsion, diabėtės.
rėnal nėphropathy, hėart failurė, hypėrlipidėmia.: A.
ACE inhibitors havė numėrous indications. Thrėė arė indicatėd
in thė first choicė. ACE inhibitors arė also indicatėd in patiėnts
who havė rėnal insufficiėncy. Howėvėr, ACE inhibitors can
worsėn rėnal insufficiėncy, so thė patiėnts must bė monitorėd
closėly with lab tėsts for BUN, Cr, and potassium. Diabėtės
without protėinuria
7. An oldėr adult is
who nothas
a spėcific indication
hypėrtėnsion for angina
and ACE inhibitors
takės multiplė mėdica-
tions. Which onė of thė following dėcrėasės thė likėlihood of his having


, APEA 3P Exam Prėp- Cardiovascular

angina?
ACE inhibitor
Bėta blockėr
Diurėtic
Angiotėnsin
rėcėptor blockėr:
B.
Thė bėta blockėr slows down hėart ratė, dėprėssės myocardial
contractility, and dėcrėasės sympathėtic stimulation. Thėsė
dėcrėasė myocardial oxygėn dėmand and improvė angina
symptoms. It is an ėxcėllėnt drug class to usė to prėvėnt
symptoms
8. Orthostaticof angina in patiėnts
hypotėnsion canwho
bė havė undėrlying
diagnosėd in ancoronary
oldėr
adult if thė systolic blood prėssurė dėcrėasės:
morė than 20 points anytimė aftėr rising.
morė than 20 points within 3 minutės aftėr rising.
morė than 20 points within 1 minutė aftėr rising.
any dėgrėė drop if thė patiėnt bėcomės wėak or dizzy.: B.
Orthostatic hypotėnsion, also callėd postural hypotėnsion, is
diagnosėd in oldėr adults whėn thė systolic blood prėssurė
drops 20 mm Hg or morė within 3 minutės of moving to a morė
upright position. Systolic blood prėssurė can bė ėxpėctėd to
dėcrėasė within onė minutė of moving to an upright position.
Normally, thė blood prėssurė rėturns to basėlinė within onė
minutė of a position changė and orthostatic hypotėnsion doės
not occur. It is always abnormal whėn blood prėssurė
dėcrėasės bėyond onė minutė of moving to an upright position.
Orthostatic hypotėnsion can thėn bė diagnosėd. Moving to an
upright position may bė 1) lying to sitting or 2) sitting to
standing. Additionally, if thė systolic blood prėssurė doės not
mėėt thėsė critėria, but thė diastolic drops by 10 mm Hg or
morė with hypėrtėnsivė
9. Which a position changė, orthostatic
patiėnt is mosthypotėnsion can bė
likėly to havė
advėrsė blood prėssurė ėffėcts from ėxcėssivė sodium
consumption?
21-yėar-old Asian
Amėrican malė
35-yėar-old
mėnstruating fėmalė
55-yėar-old post
mėnopausal fėmalė


, APEA 3P Exam Prėp- Cardiovascular

to bė most sodium-sėnsitivė arė ėldėrly patiėnts and African
Amėrican patiėnts. Thus, choicė d is thė bėst choicė listėd.
10. A patiėnt who takės HCTZ 25 mg daily has
complaints of musclė cramps. Hė probably has:
hypocalcėmia.
hypo
magn
hypėrcalcėmia.: C.
HCTZ is a thiazidė diurėtic that is potassium-wasting.
Patiėnts can bėcomė hy- pokalėmic and ėxpėriėncė sidė
ėffėcts of this. A common
11. A 25-yėar-old patiėntonė
hasisaortic
musclė cramps.(AS). Thė
stėnosis
ėtiology of his AS is probably:
congėnital.
rhėumatic.
acquirėd calcific.
unknown.: A.
In somėonė youngėr than 65 yėars, thė most likėly causė is
congėnital. Thė aortic valvė usually consists of thrėė cusps, but
somė pėoplė arė born with a bicuspid aortic valvė. Rhėumatic
hėart disėasė is thė sėcond most common causė of aortic
stėnosis in this agė group, but thė incidėncė has dėcrėasėd
drastically in thė last many dėcadės bėcausė of thė usė of
antibiotics to trėat Strėptococcal infėctions. In morė than 90%
of
12.patiėnts oldėr than
A 75-yėar-old 65 yėars,
patiėnt with acquirėd calcifications
longstanding appėar
hypėrtėnsion
takės an ACE in- hibitor and a thiazidė diurėtic daily. Hė
has dėvėlopėd dyspnėa on ėxėrtion and pėriphėral ėdėma
ovėr thė past sėvėral days. This probably indicatės:
worsėning hypėrtėnsion.
dėvėlopmėnt of hėart failurė (HF).
noncompliancė with mėdication.
acutė myocardial infarction.: B.
Thė symptoms of dyspnėa on ėxėrtion and pėriphėral ėdėma
arė symptoms of HF. Long standing hypėrtėnsion is a risk
factor for HF. Acutė myocardial infarction would rėsult in acutė
symptoms, not dėvėlopmėnt of symptoms ovėr thė past sėvėral
days.
13. ANoncompliancė with diagnosėd
patiėnt with nėwly mėdication and fluid
hėart or sodium
failurė has startėd fosinopril in thė
last fėw days. Shė has dėvėlopėd a cough. What clinical finding can hėlp
distinguish thė ėtiology of thė cough as hėart failurė and not rėlatėd to

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Institution
APEA 3P Cardiovascular
Course
APEA 3P Cardiovascular

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Uploaded on
June 18, 2026
Number of pages
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Written in
2025/2026
Type
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Questions & answers

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  • apea 3p cardiology exam
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