Jurisprudence, Community Health, and Research
APMLE 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Scope of practice of podiatric medicine - CORRECT ANSWER -- The extent to which a podiatric physician can
practice is determined by the state legislature in a set of laws called the State Practice Act
AIDS patients - CORRECT ANSWER -- Patients with AIDS have been found to be protected by the Americans
with Disabilities Act - - It is illegal to discriminate against these patients by refusing to treat them or referring them to
others based on their HIV status
Standard of care - CORRECT ANSWER -- The level of practice of the average, prudent provider in any given
community
State departments of health - CORRECT ANSWER -- Set public health policies and standards - Collect, analyze,
and disseminate health information - Health departments pursue a legislative policy agenda promoting health. They also
design and implement a health care delivery system
Basic Life Support BLS - CORRECT ANSWER -- Assessment for unresponsiveness as the initial action to be
performed.
Battery - CORRECT ANSWER -- Under civil law, the performance of a procedure without consent is an offense
referred to as
Doctor-patient privilege - CORRECT ANSWER -- May be waived by the patient only - In many states, the doctor
can invoke a legal privilege on the patient's behalf when asked to disclose or divulge information about the patient. This
privilege belongs to the patient, not the doctor, so only the patient may waive it, usually by written consent
Doctor-patient relationship - CORRECT ANSWER -- The establishment of a doctor-patient relationship requires
an individual to voluntarily seek a doctor's care and expect that the communication be held in confidence. - The
relationship can be defined in writing but can also be oral or implied.
OSHA regulations - CORRECT ANSWER -- "mandatory to post" regulations in a location all employees routinely
visit
In the United States the largest percentage of health dollar is utilized in this age category - CORRECT ANSWER --
65 years and older - Health costs for those age 65 and older are more than three times higher than for younger age groups.
Informed consent - CORRECT ANSWER -- Is regulated by laws that vary from state to state but generally define
competent adults eligible to make health care decisions
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services - CORRECT ANSWER -- The government agency responsible for
determining the fees and services that are eligible for payment for Medicare and Medicaid recipients - Federal law to
provide that direction defines this agency
4 Elements of Tort of medical malpractice - CORRECT ANSWER -- Duty, Breach, Causation, Damages
Tort - CORRECT ANSWER -- an act of wrongdoing, which is civil in nature rather than criminal
Tort of medical malpractice - CORRECT ANSWER -It is a wrong independent of contract or criminality - Health
care providers have a duty to do what is right and reasonable - The elements address situations in which there is a breach
of duty that causes or results in harm
Incidence - CORRECT ANSWER -- The number of new cases of a specific disease occurring during a given period
in a specific population
OSHA-designated personal protective equipments - CORRECT ANSWER -- Glove, gowns, and eye protection
, In a prospective epideminologic study of a disease the cohort originally selected consists of persons - CORRECT
ANSWER -- Without the disease
Cohort - CORRECT ANSWER -- a designated group of individuals who are followed or traced over a period of
time.
Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER -- the study of how a disease presents itself or occurs within a population. -
Prospective studies examine patients rather than a review of the records - To study a disease and how it presents from one
point in time forward, one looks at those who are free of disease
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - CORRECT ANSWER -- The government agency
responsible for chemical exposures
Specificity - CORRECT ANSWER -- The degree to which it accurately provides a negative result for persons who
are free of the disease
Statues of limitations - CORRECT ANSWER -- A segment of an individual state's rights and are, therefore,
determined by state law
National Committee for Quality Assurance - CORRECT ANSWER -- Develop the standards for quality of care by
health systems
Bias - CORRECT ANSWER -- Any error in the design, implementation, or analysis of a study result in conclusions
differing from the truth
Observational bias - CORRECT ANSWER -- Bias introduced into a study when a clinician is aware of the patient's
treatment type
Lead-time bias - CORRECT ANSWER -- Bias introduce when screening defects a disease earlier and thus
lengthens the time from diagnosis to death
Confounding variable - CORRECT ANSWER -- If you want to know if race affects infant mortality rate but most
of the variation in infant mortality is predicted by socioeconomic status, then socioeconomic status is a
Sensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER -SnOUT Sensitive test rule OUT disease
Sensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER -- The probability that a diseased patient will have a positive test result - True
positive / total number of people with the disease
Specificity - CORRECT ANSWER -- The probability that a nondiseased person will have a negative test result -
True negative / total number of people without the disease
Specificity - CORRECT ANSWER -- SpIN Specific tests rule IN disease
Incidence - CORRECT ANSWER -- The number of new cases in a given at risk population over a specified period
of time
Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER -- The number of existing cases at a moment in time. - Prevalence reflects
incidence and disease duration
Out - CORRECT ANSWER -Sensitive tests have few false negatives and are used to rule _____ a disease
Highly sensitive for TB - CORRECT ANSWER -- PPD reactivity is used as a screening test because most people
with TB (except those who are anergic) will have a positive PPD. Highly sensitive or specific?
Higher prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic diseases such as SLE-higher prevalence or incidence
Higher incidence - CORRECT ANSWER -Epidemics such as influenza -higher prevalence or incidence
APMLE 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Scope of practice of podiatric medicine - CORRECT ANSWER -- The extent to which a podiatric physician can
practice is determined by the state legislature in a set of laws called the State Practice Act
AIDS patients - CORRECT ANSWER -- Patients with AIDS have been found to be protected by the Americans
with Disabilities Act - - It is illegal to discriminate against these patients by refusing to treat them or referring them to
others based on their HIV status
Standard of care - CORRECT ANSWER -- The level of practice of the average, prudent provider in any given
community
State departments of health - CORRECT ANSWER -- Set public health policies and standards - Collect, analyze,
and disseminate health information - Health departments pursue a legislative policy agenda promoting health. They also
design and implement a health care delivery system
Basic Life Support BLS - CORRECT ANSWER -- Assessment for unresponsiveness as the initial action to be
performed.
Battery - CORRECT ANSWER -- Under civil law, the performance of a procedure without consent is an offense
referred to as
Doctor-patient privilege - CORRECT ANSWER -- May be waived by the patient only - In many states, the doctor
can invoke a legal privilege on the patient's behalf when asked to disclose or divulge information about the patient. This
privilege belongs to the patient, not the doctor, so only the patient may waive it, usually by written consent
Doctor-patient relationship - CORRECT ANSWER -- The establishment of a doctor-patient relationship requires
an individual to voluntarily seek a doctor's care and expect that the communication be held in confidence. - The
relationship can be defined in writing but can also be oral or implied.
OSHA regulations - CORRECT ANSWER -- "mandatory to post" regulations in a location all employees routinely
visit
In the United States the largest percentage of health dollar is utilized in this age category - CORRECT ANSWER --
65 years and older - Health costs for those age 65 and older are more than three times higher than for younger age groups.
Informed consent - CORRECT ANSWER -- Is regulated by laws that vary from state to state but generally define
competent adults eligible to make health care decisions
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services - CORRECT ANSWER -- The government agency responsible for
determining the fees and services that are eligible for payment for Medicare and Medicaid recipients - Federal law to
provide that direction defines this agency
4 Elements of Tort of medical malpractice - CORRECT ANSWER -- Duty, Breach, Causation, Damages
Tort - CORRECT ANSWER -- an act of wrongdoing, which is civil in nature rather than criminal
Tort of medical malpractice - CORRECT ANSWER -It is a wrong independent of contract or criminality - Health
care providers have a duty to do what is right and reasonable - The elements address situations in which there is a breach
of duty that causes or results in harm
Incidence - CORRECT ANSWER -- The number of new cases of a specific disease occurring during a given period
in a specific population
OSHA-designated personal protective equipments - CORRECT ANSWER -- Glove, gowns, and eye protection
, In a prospective epideminologic study of a disease the cohort originally selected consists of persons - CORRECT
ANSWER -- Without the disease
Cohort - CORRECT ANSWER -- a designated group of individuals who are followed or traced over a period of
time.
Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER -- the study of how a disease presents itself or occurs within a population. -
Prospective studies examine patients rather than a review of the records - To study a disease and how it presents from one
point in time forward, one looks at those who are free of disease
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - CORRECT ANSWER -- The government agency
responsible for chemical exposures
Specificity - CORRECT ANSWER -- The degree to which it accurately provides a negative result for persons who
are free of the disease
Statues of limitations - CORRECT ANSWER -- A segment of an individual state's rights and are, therefore,
determined by state law
National Committee for Quality Assurance - CORRECT ANSWER -- Develop the standards for quality of care by
health systems
Bias - CORRECT ANSWER -- Any error in the design, implementation, or analysis of a study result in conclusions
differing from the truth
Observational bias - CORRECT ANSWER -- Bias introduced into a study when a clinician is aware of the patient's
treatment type
Lead-time bias - CORRECT ANSWER -- Bias introduce when screening defects a disease earlier and thus
lengthens the time from diagnosis to death
Confounding variable - CORRECT ANSWER -- If you want to know if race affects infant mortality rate but most
of the variation in infant mortality is predicted by socioeconomic status, then socioeconomic status is a
Sensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER -SnOUT Sensitive test rule OUT disease
Sensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER -- The probability that a diseased patient will have a positive test result - True
positive / total number of people with the disease
Specificity - CORRECT ANSWER -- The probability that a nondiseased person will have a negative test result -
True negative / total number of people without the disease
Specificity - CORRECT ANSWER -- SpIN Specific tests rule IN disease
Incidence - CORRECT ANSWER -- The number of new cases in a given at risk population over a specified period
of time
Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER -- The number of existing cases at a moment in time. - Prevalence reflects
incidence and disease duration
Out - CORRECT ANSWER -Sensitive tests have few false negatives and are used to rule _____ a disease
Highly sensitive for TB - CORRECT ANSWER -- PPD reactivity is used as a screening test because most people
with TB (except those who are anergic) will have a positive PPD. Highly sensitive or specific?
Higher prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic diseases such as SLE-higher prevalence or incidence
Higher incidence - CORRECT ANSWER -Epidemics such as influenza -higher prevalence or incidence
