N582 EXAM 1 ADULT HEALTH EXAM SCRIPT
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Increased Risk of Infection.
Answer: As muscle strength decreases, the cough is not as strong,
and therefore the patient may not be able to expectorate. The chest
wall gradually becomes stiffer and lung expansion decreases, which
also affect the ability to cough deeply.
◉ Oral Care.
Answer: - These adults are more suspectable to aspiration
pneumonia. They often have old food particles in their mouth. They
can also aspirate on saliva.
- How often should the RN perform an oral assessment? At least
twice a day but ideally before the first meal (to help make the meal
more appetizing!, after each meal, and at bedtime.
- Patients who are nothing-by-mouth (NPO) should have oral care
performed every two hours while awake.
◉ Fulmer SPICES Assessment.
Answer: - effective instrument for obtaining the information
necessary to prevent health alterations in the older adult patient
,- addressing those conditions that are common in aging individuals
- geriatric 'marker' conditions
- syndrome = a group of signs/symptoms that occur together +
characterize an abnormality
- SPICES is an acronym for the common syndromes of the elderly
requiring nursing intervention:
- S is for Sleep Disorders
- P is for Problems with Eating or
Feeding
- I is for Incontinence
- C is for Confusion
- E is for Evidence of Falls
- S is for Skin Breakdown
- Keep in mind that any of these can indicate an acute illness in older
adults.
◉ Frailty.
Answer: - The risk of becoming frail increases as older adults live
longer with chronic illnesses.
- Frailty is a geriatric syndrome affecting older adults due to
multisystem decline that increases vulnerability to poor health
effects.
- The Phenotype of Frailty identifies older adults as frail if they have
three or more of five criteria. Being at risk for frailty is having one or
, two criteria: slow walking speed, weak grip strength, exhaustion,
low physical activity level, and unintentional weight loss
- The hallmark of frailty is its progressive decline marked by loss of
function, loss of physiological reserve, increased risk for falls,
delayed illness recovery, more-frequent and longer-stay
hospitalizations, and mortality.
- Even the small stressors of temperature change or the common
cold may precipitate a spiraling downward trajectory for frail older
adults, with a significant impact on the quality of life for the older
adult and their family
- Once an older adult is frail, it is difficult to reverse the downward
decline.
- Therefore, it is essential to recognize older adults at risk for frailty
in the clinical setting = can lead to interventions that may prevent or
ameliorate frailty
◉ Frailty often includes + Leads too.
Answer: - Frailty often includes:
Weak grip strength
Slow walking speed
Unintentional weight loss
Exhaustion
Low physical activity
- Leads to:
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Increased Risk of Infection.
Answer: As muscle strength decreases, the cough is not as strong,
and therefore the patient may not be able to expectorate. The chest
wall gradually becomes stiffer and lung expansion decreases, which
also affect the ability to cough deeply.
◉ Oral Care.
Answer: - These adults are more suspectable to aspiration
pneumonia. They often have old food particles in their mouth. They
can also aspirate on saliva.
- How often should the RN perform an oral assessment? At least
twice a day but ideally before the first meal (to help make the meal
more appetizing!, after each meal, and at bedtime.
- Patients who are nothing-by-mouth (NPO) should have oral care
performed every two hours while awake.
◉ Fulmer SPICES Assessment.
Answer: - effective instrument for obtaining the information
necessary to prevent health alterations in the older adult patient
,- addressing those conditions that are common in aging individuals
- geriatric 'marker' conditions
- syndrome = a group of signs/symptoms that occur together +
characterize an abnormality
- SPICES is an acronym for the common syndromes of the elderly
requiring nursing intervention:
- S is for Sleep Disorders
- P is for Problems with Eating or
Feeding
- I is for Incontinence
- C is for Confusion
- E is for Evidence of Falls
- S is for Skin Breakdown
- Keep in mind that any of these can indicate an acute illness in older
adults.
◉ Frailty.
Answer: - The risk of becoming frail increases as older adults live
longer with chronic illnesses.
- Frailty is a geriatric syndrome affecting older adults due to
multisystem decline that increases vulnerability to poor health
effects.
- The Phenotype of Frailty identifies older adults as frail if they have
three or more of five criteria. Being at risk for frailty is having one or
, two criteria: slow walking speed, weak grip strength, exhaustion,
low physical activity level, and unintentional weight loss
- The hallmark of frailty is its progressive decline marked by loss of
function, loss of physiological reserve, increased risk for falls,
delayed illness recovery, more-frequent and longer-stay
hospitalizations, and mortality.
- Even the small stressors of temperature change or the common
cold may precipitate a spiraling downward trajectory for frail older
adults, with a significant impact on the quality of life for the older
adult and their family
- Once an older adult is frail, it is difficult to reverse the downward
decline.
- Therefore, it is essential to recognize older adults at risk for frailty
in the clinical setting = can lead to interventions that may prevent or
ameliorate frailty
◉ Frailty often includes + Leads too.
Answer: - Frailty often includes:
Weak grip strength
Slow walking speed
Unintentional weight loss
Exhaustion
Low physical activity
- Leads to:
