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Exam 2 GUIDE
Chp. 11, 12, 14
Cardiovascular:
- Anatomy Review
o Heart has 3 layers of muscle: epicardium (outside), myocardium (muscular
middle layer that help heart to contract), and endocardium (inner layer, covers
valves)
o 2 types of valves: atrioventricular (AV), semilunar valves
▪ AV valves- tricuspid and mitral valves prevent backflow into atria during
ventricular contraction
▪ Semilunar valves- aortic and pulmonic valves open during ventricular
contraction, allowing the forward flow of blood into the pulmonary artery
and aorta. During ventricular relaxation, the valves close, preventing the
backflow of blood into the ventricles
• Aortic- left ventricle and aorta
• Pulmonic- right ventricle and pulmonary artery
• Tricuspid- between right atrium and right ventricle
• Mitral- between left atrium and left ventricle
The right coronary artery supplies blood to the right atrium and right ventricle in most patients.
It is also the usual blood supply for the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes. The left
coronary artery divides into two large arteries, the left anterior descending (LAD) and the
circumflex (CFX).
The LAD runs between the ventricles on the anterior aspect of the heart and therefore supplies
, blood to the anterior wall
The CFX runs between the left atrium and left ventricle to supply blood to the lateral wall of
the heart