**Fundamental Forces: ATI RN Core & NGN
Essentials**
1. Nurse preparing to insert indwelling urinary catheter for female. After cleansing perineum, labia
separate. Which hand maintains sterility?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Dominant hand inserts catheter; non-dominant hand holds labia open. Dominant
hand remains sterile.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B. Dominant hand.
2. Pt w/ new colostomy reports stool consistency thick and formed. Which intervention to soften?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Increase fluids, add prune juice, applesauce, or stool softener as prescribed. Avoid
constipation.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C. Increase oral fluid intake.
3. Nurse assessing pt 2 hr post-op, reports pain 8/10, HR 110, BP 150/90. After morphine 4 mg IV, pain
3/10. This effect describes?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Analgesic efficacy measured by pain reduction ≥2 points. Reassessment after peak
(IV: 15-30 min).
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D. Desired therapeutic response.
4. Pt w/ heart failure on 2g sodium diet. Which lunch choice appropriate?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Low-sodium: grilled chicken, steamed rice, green beans. Avoid processed meat,
canned soup, fast food.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: A. Grilled chicken breast, brown rice, steamed broccoli.
5. Nurse teaching pt w/ type 2 DM about foot care. Which statement requires correction?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Do not soak feet (maceration risk). Use lukewarm water, pat dry, inspect daily.
, 💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D. “I will soak my feet in warm water for 30 minutes daily.”
6. Pt post-hip arthroplasty, prescribed enoxaparin 40 mg SC daily. Which injection site correct?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Abdomen (2 inches from umbilicus) for consistent absorption. Do not aspirate or
massage.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C. Abdomen.
7. Nurse auscultating lung sounds. Pt w/ pneumonia, coarse crackles in left lower lobe that clear after
cough. These are?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Crackles that clear with cough = airway secretions. Not pneumonia consolidation
(crackles persist).
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B. Coarse crackles.
8. Pt w/ chronic kidney disease stage 4, K+ 6.1, EKG peaked T waves. Which dietary instruction most
important?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Hyperkalemia: avoid high-K foods (bananas, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes, avocado).
Limit to <2g K/day.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C. Avoid bananas and oranges.
9. Nurse assessing pt w/ dehydration, orthostatic hypotension. Which finding supports diagnosis?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Orthostatic: systolic drop >20 mmHg or HR rise >20 bpm from supine to standing
within 3 min.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: A. Supine BP 110/70, standing BP 85/60.
10. Pt w/ terminal lung cancer, dyspnea, family asks about morphine for air hunger. Nurse best
response?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Morphine reduces dyspnea by decreasing respiratory drive and anxiety. Appropriate
at end of life.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B. “Morphine relieves shortness of breath without hastening death.”
11. Nurse preparing to administer NG tube feeding. Which position safest?
Essentials**
1. Nurse preparing to insert indwelling urinary catheter for female. After cleansing perineum, labia
separate. Which hand maintains sterility?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Dominant hand inserts catheter; non-dominant hand holds labia open. Dominant
hand remains sterile.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B. Dominant hand.
2. Pt w/ new colostomy reports stool consistency thick and formed. Which intervention to soften?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Increase fluids, add prune juice, applesauce, or stool softener as prescribed. Avoid
constipation.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C. Increase oral fluid intake.
3. Nurse assessing pt 2 hr post-op, reports pain 8/10, HR 110, BP 150/90. After morphine 4 mg IV, pain
3/10. This effect describes?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Analgesic efficacy measured by pain reduction ≥2 points. Reassessment after peak
(IV: 15-30 min).
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D. Desired therapeutic response.
4. Pt w/ heart failure on 2g sodium diet. Which lunch choice appropriate?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Low-sodium: grilled chicken, steamed rice, green beans. Avoid processed meat,
canned soup, fast food.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: A. Grilled chicken breast, brown rice, steamed broccoli.
5. Nurse teaching pt w/ type 2 DM about foot care. Which statement requires correction?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Do not soak feet (maceration risk). Use lukewarm water, pat dry, inspect daily.
, 💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D. “I will soak my feet in warm water for 30 minutes daily.”
6. Pt post-hip arthroplasty, prescribed enoxaparin 40 mg SC daily. Which injection site correct?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Abdomen (2 inches from umbilicus) for consistent absorption. Do not aspirate or
massage.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C. Abdomen.
7. Nurse auscultating lung sounds. Pt w/ pneumonia, coarse crackles in left lower lobe that clear after
cough. These are?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Crackles that clear with cough = airway secretions. Not pneumonia consolidation
(crackles persist).
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B. Coarse crackles.
8. Pt w/ chronic kidney disease stage 4, K+ 6.1, EKG peaked T waves. Which dietary instruction most
important?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Hyperkalemia: avoid high-K foods (bananas, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes, avocado).
Limit to <2g K/day.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C. Avoid bananas and oranges.
9. Nurse assessing pt w/ dehydration, orthostatic hypotension. Which finding supports diagnosis?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Orthostatic: systolic drop >20 mmHg or HR rise >20 bpm from supine to standing
within 3 min.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: A. Supine BP 110/70, standing BP 85/60.
10. Pt w/ terminal lung cancer, dyspnea, family asks about morphine for air hunger. Nurse best
response?
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: Morphine reduces dyspnea by decreasing respiratory drive and anxiety. Appropriate
at end of life.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B. “Morphine relieves shortness of breath without hastening death.”
11. Nurse preparing to administer NG tube feeding. Which position safest?
