Comprehensive Anatomy and Physiology Review
for Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Gross anatomy Study of visible body structures.
Microscopic anatomy Study of tissues/cells under microscope.
Developmental anatomy Structural changes from conception to birth.
Systemic anatomy Study of body systems.
Regional anatomy Study of specific body regions.
Anterior/Posterior Front/back of body.
Superior/Inferior Above/below another part.
Medial/Lateral Toward/away from midline.
Proximal/Distal Closer/farther from attachment point.
Superficial/Deep Near/far from body surface.
Sagittal/Frontal/Transverse planes Divide body into left-right, front-back, top-bottom.
, Dorsal Cranial (brain), spinal (spinal cord).
Ventral Thoracic (heart, lungs), abdominal (stomach, liver,
intestines), pelvic (bladder, reproductive organs).
Homeostasis Maintains stable internal conditions (e.g.,
temperature, pH).
Metabolism Chemical reactions for energy (catabolism: breaks
down; anabolism: builds up).
Importance of metabolism Ensures cell/organ function, prevents disease.
Units of Measure in Healthcare Meters (length), kilograms (weight), liters (volume),
Celsius (temperature), milligrams (doses), milliliters
(fluids), centimeters (small lengths).
Chemistry Explains drug interactions, nutrient processing.
Biochemistry Analyzes enzyme functions, metabolic pathways for
diagnosis/treatment.
Matter Has mass/volume (solids, liquids, gases).
Energy Capacity for work (kinetic, potential, chemical).
Importance of Water Acts as solvent, regulates temperature, transports
nutrients/waste, maintains cell structure.
DNA Double-stranded, deoxyribose, thymine; stores
genetic info.
RNA Single-stranded, ribose, uracil; aids protein
synthesis.
for Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Gross anatomy Study of visible body structures.
Microscopic anatomy Study of tissues/cells under microscope.
Developmental anatomy Structural changes from conception to birth.
Systemic anatomy Study of body systems.
Regional anatomy Study of specific body regions.
Anterior/Posterior Front/back of body.
Superior/Inferior Above/below another part.
Medial/Lateral Toward/away from midline.
Proximal/Distal Closer/farther from attachment point.
Superficial/Deep Near/far from body surface.
Sagittal/Frontal/Transverse planes Divide body into left-right, front-back, top-bottom.
, Dorsal Cranial (brain), spinal (spinal cord).
Ventral Thoracic (heart, lungs), abdominal (stomach, liver,
intestines), pelvic (bladder, reproductive organs).
Homeostasis Maintains stable internal conditions (e.g.,
temperature, pH).
Metabolism Chemical reactions for energy (catabolism: breaks
down; anabolism: builds up).
Importance of metabolism Ensures cell/organ function, prevents disease.
Units of Measure in Healthcare Meters (length), kilograms (weight), liters (volume),
Celsius (temperature), milligrams (doses), milliliters
(fluids), centimeters (small lengths).
Chemistry Explains drug interactions, nutrient processing.
Biochemistry Analyzes enzyme functions, metabolic pathways for
diagnosis/treatment.
Matter Has mass/volume (solids, liquids, gases).
Energy Capacity for work (kinetic, potential, chemical).
Importance of Water Acts as solvent, regulates temperature, transports
nutrients/waste, maintains cell structure.
DNA Double-stranded, deoxyribose, thymine; stores
genetic info.
RNA Single-stranded, ribose, uracil; aids protein
synthesis.
